This study comprehensively explores the physical principles governing blood flow and pressure distribution within the vascular system. The paper explains fundamental fluid mechanics principles relevant to understanding blood flow in the cardiovascular system and discusses measurement techniques. Further, experimental techniques used to study blood flow in constricted arteries are examined, with a particular emphasis on computational fluid dynamics (CFD). In the end, the study explores the clinical significance of these hemodynamic changes, focusing on their role in disease pathogenesis, diagnostic assessment, and therapeutic interventions.

blood vessels, blood flow, computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Altered blood flow in constricted arteries plays a pivotal role in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis, contributing to endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling, and atherosclerotic plaque formation. Disturbed flow patterns, characterized by turbulence and oscillatory shear stress, promote plaque vulnerability and increase cardiovascular risk. Diagnostic modalities, such as Doppler ultrasound and coronary angiography, facilitate the assessment of blood flow abnormalities and guide treatment decisions. Therapeutic interventions aim to restore normal blood flow patterns through pharmacological agents and revascularization procedures, with emerging approaches focusing on shear stress modulation and gene therapy to improve vascular function and reduce cardiovascular risk.

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Neha Phogat (2019). Flow Characteristics in Constricted Arteries: A Comprehensive Review. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 10(1): 239–241.