Author: Reecha, Rachna Gulati, Paramveer Singh and Karuna Bamel
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In the rapidly urbanizing world, there is growing realization to increase aquaculture productivity for food and nutritional security. In an attempt to preserve the natural resources and environment, the expansion must take place in a sustainable manner. Biofloc technology is a prudent aquaculture tool for boosting water quality, enhancing feed utilization and mitigates external pathogens. It has been marked as a novel “blue revolution” since the nutrients in the culture is recycled and reused continuously with zero or minimum water exchange, which facilitates a high stocking density and increased fish productivity in aquaculture system. Biofloc, a macro-aggregation of various bacteria, algae, detritus and other microorganisms converts the toxic nitrogenous compounds into useful and proteinaceous microbes also called as Single cell protein (SCP) serving as a feed supplement to the cultured organisms. It stimulates the development of aerobic and heterotrophic bacteria in the presence of carbon and constant aeration in the environment. Microorganisms play a major role in natural aquatic resources, and the intensity of solar energy, organic matter density and added carbon sources affect their activity. Hence, an optimal C: N ratio is essential to improve production and recycling of nutrients. However, there is a need to develop techniques for the monitoring of floc characteristics and its composition. Optimization of the nutritional quality of the floc, identification of beneficial micro-organisms and integration of biofloc technology in the existing system required to be fulfilled for a prominent result. With the proper monitoring of the biofloc system, the implementation of this technology may proves handy to the fish/shrimp farmers.
Biofloc, water quality, microorganism, aquaculture, environmental friendly
Biofloc technology has proven its potential by improving aquaculture production that directly aids in the attainment of sustainable development goals. By producing a higher productivity and lesser impact on environment, this technology not only act as an eco-friendly and sustainable method but also minimizes land and water resources. Biofloc a rich source of microbial protein when acquainted with the commercial feed creates a nutritious and healthy food chain and improves the growth performance of aquatic life in addition to minimizing the dependency on costlier fish meals. So concluded from the review that biofloc technology is full of assets by improving biosecurity, diminishing pathogenic interaction, lowering feed utilization, increasing growth and survival and hence boosting productivity of the system. Farmers must be trained practically about the successful experience of the biofloc technology along with its economic benefits.
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