Grounding is a protection method that uses a grounding electrode placed in the ground to pass leakage current from an electrical system to the earth. Rod electrodes, plate electrodes, mesh-connected electrodes, and other types of grounding electrodes can be used. To safeguard the safety of working employees and costly installed equipment in the substation, a low resistance path for the discharge of short circuit fault current is required. Furthermore, soil resistivity, mineral content, soil moisture, and temperature, particularly owing to weather fluctuations, have an impact on earth resistance value. As a result, a grounding system that can be monitored and regulated automatically is required to prevent a rise in the value of earth resistance owing to weather change. In this paper, the literature review of earthing resistance measurement and monitoring techniques, along with the designing of grounding system for the substation is presented. An electrical ground is the source point in an electrical circuit from which voltage is measured or a direct physical connection to the earth. An exhaustive literature survey has been carried out in the present study to show the present trend and the methodology used in the earthing system.

Earthing, Continuous monitoring, earth resistance

This paper presents an overview of designing grounding systems and earth resistance monitoring techniques. This study presents the different techniques for monitoring and controlling earthing system of substation, grounding grid, etc. The paper provides the current trend in grounding which is useful for the researcher and utilities working in the field of electrical earthing.

Rahul Agarwal, Swati Gade, M. Ahfaz Khan and Nagendra Singh (2023). Bibliographical Review of Monitoring and Controlling Technique for Earthing System. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 14(1): 23–29.