The escalating global demand for safe and high-quality food has spurred significant research into rapid, sensitive, and reliable methods for detecting foodborne hazards. Biosensors have emerged as powerful analytical tools that offer considerable advantages over traditional detection techniques. This article provides a comprehensive overview of biosensors, detailing their fundamental components, working principles, and diverse classifications based on biorecognition elements and signal transduction mechanisms. It extensively discusses the current applications of various biosensor types in food safety evaluation, including the detection of microbial pathogens, toxins, chemical contaminants (pesticides, antibiotics, heavy metals), allergens, and indicators of food spoilage. Furthermore, the chapter highlights the advantages, such as speed and portability, and addresses the existing limitations and challenges, including matrix effects and stability. Finally, future trends and prospects, including the integration of nanomaterials, multiplexing capabilities, and smartphone-based platforms, are explored, underscoring the transformative potential of biosensors in safeguarding the global food supply

Food Safety, Biosensors, Pathogen Detection, Toxin Detection, Chemical Contaminants, Nanobiosensors, Electrochemical Biosensors, Optical Biosensors, Food Spoilage

Biosensors represent a dynamic and rapidly advancing field with immense potential to revolutionize food safety evaluation. They offer significant advantages in terms of speed, sensitivity, portability, and ease of use over traditional methods, enabling rapid screening for a wide array of microbiological and chemical hazards. While challenges related to matrix interference, bioreceptor stability, and commercial scalability persist, ongoing research, particularly leveraging nanotechnology, microfluidics, and novel biorecognition elements, is continuously pushing the boundaries of biosensor performance. The continued development and integration of biosensor technologies into the food industry and regulatory frameworks will play a critical role in ensuring a safer global food supply, protecting consumer health, and facilitating international trade

Amit Kumar Barman (2025). Biosensors and their Current Application in Food Safety Evaluation. International Journal on Emerging Technologies, 16(2): 16–21