A Study on the Present Status of Fish Population, Abundance, and Anthropogenic Stressors Affecting the Ichthyofaunal Diversity in Deepor Beel, Assam, India

Author: Bedabati Kalita, Arijit Chakraborty and Ajanta Dey

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Abstract

The study examines the fish population and abundance in Deepor Beel, a Ramsar site in Assam, India. A total of 45 fish species were recorded, including 42 native species, 3 exotic species, and 1 each of endangered and vulnerable species. Native species predominantly belonged to the Cypriniformes and Siluriformes orders. The post-monsoon season exhibited higher Shannon diversity and species evenness compared to the monsoon season. Amblypharyngodon mola had the highest relative abundance (35.62%), while 10 species showed minimal abundance (0.0009%). Based on catch frequency, 12 species were extremely rare, 5 were rare, and 1 was abundant, with Puntius terio being the most abundant. A questionnaire survey revealed significant anthropogenic impacts on the wetland, with 69.51% of respondents reporting a decline in fish abundance. Pollution, invasive species like water hyacinth, and habitat degradation were identified as major threats. The findings underscore the need for urgent restoration and sustainable management to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services of Deepor Beel wetland.

Keywords

Fish diversity, anthropogenic stressors, Deepor Beel, Assam

Conclusion

Assam is blessed with a rich diversity of indigenous fish species, many of which thrive in the state’s extensive network of wetlands, including the ecologically significant Deepor Beel. These wetlands are naturally abundant in resources, providing ideal habitats that support a wide array of fish species uniquely adapted to the region's specific environmental conditions. The presence of these indigenous fish species is essential not only for maintaining the ecological balance of Assam’s aquatic ecosystems but also for supporting the cultural heritage, economy, and livelihoods of local communities. Deepor Beel provides critical habitats for fish species by offering a complex ecosystem comprising shallow waters, submerged vegetation, and ample food sources that meet the diverse needs of various fish species. The wetlands of Assam, particularly Deepor Beel, serve as vital sources of sustenance for local fishing communities who rely on traditional fish species for food, income, and cultural practices. The study provides the current status of the fish abundance and diversity in Deepor Beel, offering an overview of the perception of local fishermen regarding the decline in fish abundance and identifying major anthropogenic activities that threaten the health of the wetland. Despite the richness of indigenous fish diversity, Assam’s wetlands, including Deepor Beel, face threats from pollution, habitat loss, and invasive species such as water hyacinths. These factors place stress on native fish populations, reducing their abundance and threatening the survival of sensitive species. Efforts to conserve and restore wetlands like Deepor Beel through sustainable management practices are essential not only for safeguarding Assam's unique indigenous fish diversity for future generations but also for enhancing the overall ecological health of these wetlands. Comprehensive management and restoration initiatives could prevent further degradation, conserve biodiversity, and potentially qualify Deepor Beel for Ramsar status. Such initiatives would ensure stronger protection and long-term sustainability of Assam’s wetlands and their resources.

References

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How to cite this article

Bedabati Kalita, Arijit Chakraborty and Ajanta Dey (2025). A Study on the Present Status of Fish Population, Abundance, and Anthropogenic Stressors Affecting the Ichthyofaunal Diversity in Deepor Beel, Assam, India. Biological Forum, 17(2): 01-13.