Biological Forum - Volume 13(1): 2021
Phyto-diversity Assessment of Nalanda Forest Division of Bihar  
				
A. Chandra, H. B. Naithani, P.K. Verma, J. Saxena, S. Kishwan and R. Saini 
Financial Performance of Indian Fertilizer Industry - A Comparative Evaluation of Private, Public and Cooperative Sector Companies  
				
S. Sowmiyaa, S. Moghana Lavanya, K. Mahendran and V. Geethalakshmi 
Diversity and Distribution of Bracket Fungi in Mt. Kilakiron, Bukidnon, Philippines  
				
Mc Arthur L. CABABAN, Aprille Kaye O. JARANILLA, Mariane C. BASTATAS, Chazzel Feel C. SALVANE and Uzziel C. TOLDO 
Role of Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats in Crop Improvement - A review  
				
Sadu Yashwanth, Sri Sai Chaitanya and Mayur S. Darwankar 
Mating behavior of Herpestes auropunctatus (Hodgson, 1836) (Carnivora: Herpestidae) in National Capital Territory of Delhi  
				
Ritesh Joshi and Kanchan Puri 
Sighting and Documentation of Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera: Insecta) from Urban Region of Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India  
				
Lekhu Gehlot, Mohan Singh, Bharti Tanwar, Mahima Soni and Suman Bhadala 
Potential of Lichens:  A Review of Bioactive Compounds with
Biological Activities
  
				
Monika Thakur and Hem Chander 
Molecular Perspectives of Plant-Pathogen Interactions: An Overview on Plant Immunity  
				
Gagan Kumar and Satyabrata Nanda 
Responses of Crops to Foliar Application of Calcium and Potassium
  
				
E Lokesh Goud and Prasann Kumar 
Status of Physico-Chemical Characteristics of River Ram Ganga at Bareilly, U.P. India
  
				
Surender Pal Gangwar and Gaurav Bhadauriya 
An Observation of Direction of Load on Bending Strength of Psedotsuga taxifolia (Douglas fir)  
				
Ezhumalai R., Karthik Ramesh Surapura and Sharma Sukh Dev 
Traditional Knowledge for Management of Biodiversity – Case study of Van Gujjars in Rajaji National Park, Uttarakhand  
				
Kanchan Puri, Ritesh Joshi and Satish C. Garkoti 
An Understanding of Tree Biomechanics in the Context of India
  
				
Ezhumalai R.  and Shikhar Shukla 
 
Influence of Spacing and Phosphorus Levels on Growth and Yield of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
  
				
Bonepally Rashmitha, Umesha C. and M. R. Meshram 
Characterisation of In Vitro Produced Embelin and Evaluation of its Antifungal Properties
  
				
Tresa Hamalton and Janofer U. 
Impact of Potassium and Sulphur Levels on Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)  
				
Kunduru Manikanteswara Reddy*, Umesha, C. and M.R. Meshram 
Agroforestry Model Serve as Tools for Improvement in Soil Quality
  
				
N.K. Kushwaha, Vinit  Kumar, B.S. Rajawat and Vivek Tiwari 
Exploring Combinations of Rootstock Planting Time, Scion type and time of Grafting on Grafting Success of Walnut Plants
  
				
Rifat Bhat*, S.A. Simnani and Irshad Hassan 
Genetic Association among Yield and Drought Tolerance Related Physiological Traits in Clusterbean [Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.)]  
				
Vishal L. Modi and S.C. Sharma* 
Response of Summer Green Manuring and Nutrient Management on Log Phase of Growth in Unpuddled Transplanted Hybrid Rice     (Oryza sativa L.)
  
				
Vikash Kumar, M.K. Singh, Nikhil Raghuvanshi and Monalisa Sahoo 
Influence of Nitrogen and Zinc Levels on Pearl Millet         
   (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
  
				
Kakarla Rakesh, Umesha C. and Balachandra, Y. 
Optimization of Planting Time for Better Flowering, Corms and Cormels Production in Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus)  
				
Sonia Singh and S.K. Sehrawat 
Analytic Measures of Adaptability for Wheat Genotypes Evaluated under Northern Hills Zone of India for Restricted Irrigated Late Sown Conditions: Comparative Study   
				
Ajay Verma, J. Crossa, M. Vargas, A.K. Joshi and G.P. Singh 
Influence of Different Priming Methods on Growth, Nodulation and Yield of Kabuli Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) var. Dollar  
				
Prattipati Nagarjuna and  A.K. Chaurasia 
Impact of Spacing and Nitrogen Levels on growth and Yield of Chia (Sylvia hispanica L.)  
				
Punyasloka Mohanty, Umesha C., Dillip Ranjan Sarangi and Lalit Kumarsanodiya 
Influence of Growth Regulators on Growth and Yield of Finger millet           (Eleucine coracana L.) varieties  
				
Ashwini S.*, Shikha Singh and M.R. Meshram 
Role of Cultivated Mushrooms in Bioremediation: A Review  
				
Sachitanand Das, Siddhanta Kumar Bisoyi, Anmoldeep, Debasis Pattnaik and Seweta Srivastava* 
Evaluation of Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) Genotypes for Plant Growth Characters  
				
Sonia Singh and A.K. Godara 
Evaluation of Antimony Induced Yield Shift Attributes in Mustard
  
				
Chiter Mani and Prasann Kumar* 
Evaluation of Physiochemical Properties of  Honey of Apis mellifera (Himachal Pradesh): A Comparison with Apis dorsata  
				
Ankush Sharma, Shagun Rana, Ruchika, Pranita Sharma and Meenakshi Sharma 
Response of Plant Growth Regulators and Micronutrients on Growth, Yield of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)  
				
Korukonda Leelavathi, Umesha C., Vikram Singh, Sachchida Nand Singh, Appana Bharathi                    and Gaddam Raju 
Patho-epidemiological Study of Chronic Respiratory Disease of Poultry in Gonda District of Uttar Pradesh   
				
Rakesh Kumar Gupta,Debasish Niyogi, Namita Joshi, Rajesh Kumar Joshi, Jaswant Singh, Abhishek Mishra1, Awadhesh Kumar Yadav1and Desh Deepak Singh 
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Seed Treatments on Plant Growth and Yield in  Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)  
				
A. Sreenivasasareddy and A.K. Chaurasia 
Soil Suitability of Some Major Fruit Crops for Sustainable Production in the IGP Region of India-A Case Study  
				
Ashok Kumar, S.K. Mahapatra and Jaya N. Surya 
Introgression of Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV) Resistant Gene into two Cultivated Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Varieties through Marker Assisted Backcross Breeding  
				
B.A. Sowjanya*and O. Sridevi 
Influence of Foliar Application of Gibberalic Acid on Growth, Yield and Economics of Pigeonpea (Cajanus  cajan L.)  
				
Rajesh Kumar and S.C. Sharma 
BioControl Agents - Antagonistic Magicians against Soil Borne Pathogens: A Review  
				
Ankit Kumar Upadhyay,  Sai Ram Bandi and Peddagoud Devi Maruthi 
Cost and Return Analysis of Organic Crops for Sustainable Livelihood Security of Small & Marginal Farmers  
				
Narinder Panotra, Vikas Shamra, Anil Bhat and Lakshmi Kant Sharma 
Marker Assisted Selection and it’s  use against Genetic Improvement of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)  
				
Venkanolla Sruthi, Sanjeev Kumar, Kummethi Lekhasree, D.V. Sravani and G. Rajitha 
Prevalence of Viral diseases of Urdbean in Guntur District of Andhra Pradesh  
				
M. Kasi Rao, M. Adinarayana, A.K. Patibanda and T. Madhumathi 
Effect of Fertilizer and Micronutrients on Leaf and Fruit Mineral Status of Grapes cv. Sahebi  
				
Aroosa Khalil, Nowsheen Nazir, Shaila Din, M.K. Sharma and Amit Kumar 
Cotton Bed: An Eco friendly Tool for Eliminating Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Sugarcane Transformation  
				
Niraj Nath Tiwari and Sujeet Pratap Singh 
Hydrology of Thattekkad Bird Sanctuary, Kerala  
				
Ambily, C.B.,  Mohandas, A., Rajathy, S. and Sugathan, R. 
First Report on Severity of Early Blight Disease of Tomato Caused by Alternaria alternata in Hadoti Region of Rajasthan  
				
Balram Jewaliya, Chirag Gautam, C.B. Meena, S.C. Sharma, Yamini Tak and Karan Singh 
Studying the Effect of Controlled Burning on Invasive Plant Dominant Communities in Lower Altitude Chirpine Forests in Sirmaur District, Himachal Pradesh  
				
Ranjeet Kumar 
Efficacy of Fruit Load and Growth Regulators on Fruit Set, Seed Yield and Quality of Brinjal Hybrid CV GJBH 4  
				
A.V. Ginoya, J.B. Patel and I.R. Delvadiya 
Management of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) Disease of Blackgram by Chemical and Non-chemical Methods  
				
M. Kasi Rao, M. Adinarayana, A.K. Patibanda and T. Madhumathi 
Eucalyptus: A Review on Agronomic and Medicinal Properties  
				
Parul, Ankita Panigrahi, Nikhil Chandra Jena, Sudhir Tripathi, Vipin Tiwari and Vikas Sharma 
Phytoharmones Interaction Defense Against Necrotrophic  Fungus (Botrytis cinerea)  
				
Tulasikorra,Thirunarayanan. P. and Jyostnarani, P. 
A Comparative Study of Various Aspects of “Defense Mechanism” Acquired by Silicon with Regard to Different Pathogenic Interactions  
				
Ishani, Shivam Singh* and Akashdeep Sutradhar 
SAFFRON: A Mini Review on its Medicinal Potential  
				
Divye Mittal, Tanvi Magotra, Ujjwal Prathap Singh, Saksham Sharma, Ananya Chourasia   and Vikas Sharma 
A Review: Organic Amendments of Soil for Management of Soil Borne Pathogens  
				
Yash Punia, Lovepreet Singh, Vipul Kumar and Toomula Ravinder Reddy 
Pests of Mushroom and their Ecological Management Strategies: A Review  
				
Robin Rijal, Priyanka Maity and Adesh Kumar 
Studies for Determination of Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Ornamental Plant Species Grown in the Vertical Landscape System   
				
Safeena S.A., Shilpa Shree K.G., P. Naveen Kumar, Tarak Nath Saha and K.V. Prasad 
Parental Selection, Combining Ability Effects and Gene Action for Yield and Earliness in Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]  
				
A. Kavitha Reddy, D. M. Reddy, Lakshminarayana, R. Vemireddy, P. Sudhakar and B. V. Bhaskara Reddy 
Stability Analysis for Fruit Yield and its Components in Bottle Gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.]  
				
J.R. Balat, J.B. Patel, I.R. Delvadiya and A.V. Ginoya 
Biplot Analysis of Adaptability Measures of Barley Genotypes Evaluated under Salinity and Alkalinity Conditions  
				
Ajay Verma, R.P.S. Verma, J. Singh, L. Kumar and G.P. Singh 
Productivity and Use Efficiencies of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Response to Split Application of Nitrogen
  
				
Md. Aziz, P.S. Patra, R. Saha and A.  S. Ahmed 
Weed Management Strategies under Varied Nitrogen Management Practices in Kharif  Maize
  
				
Kadiri Saimaheswari, G. Karuna Sagar, V. Chandrika and P. Sudhakar and T. Giridhara Krishna 
Microbiological Perspectives of Hydrocarbon Degradation: A Review
  
				
Jagjot Kaur, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal and Reena Singh 
Genetic Variability and Character Associations in Rice Cultivars of North Bank Plain Zone of Assam for Traits Associated with Adaptation under Moisture Stress and Grain Yield
  
				
A.S. Nizamuddin Ahmed, M.K. Sarma, J. Bhuyan, S. Dutta Deka, H. Choudhury, S Zaman and A.A. Sharma
 
Effect of Different Levels of Nitrogen Application and Cutting Management on Yield, Quality and Economics of Fodder Oats (Avena sativa L.)
  
				
Y. Pravalika and D.S. Gaikwad 
Agricultural Knowledge Information System (AKIS) in Cooch Behar District of West Bengal: the Actors and their Inter-linkage with Respect to Agricultural Knowledge and Information Communication
  
				
Golam Torab Ali, Subhrajyoti Panda and P.K. Pal 
Use of Probiotics for the Management of Post Harvest Diseases in Papaya
  
				
K. Greeshma, C.D. Deokar, K.S. Raghuwanshi  and V.K. Bhalerao 
Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians: Comparison to Quantitative Ultrasound Bone Densitometry in Urban Indian Women
  
				
Ravula Bharathi 
Effect of Variety and Sulphur on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
  
				
Dudekula Dileep, Vikram Singh, Dhananjay Tiwari, Shruti G. George and Padachala Swathi 
Status and Distribution of Leaf Spot of Blackgram Incited by Alternaria alternata in Krishna and Guntur Districts of Andhra Pradesh  
				
Prathyusha D., Adinarayana M., Manoj Kumar V. and Ambarish K.V. 
Pseudomonas fluorescens: Biological Control Aid for Managing Various Plant Diseases: A Review  
				
Sugam Bhetwal, Robin Rijal, Sachitanand Das, Ajay Sharma, Allam Pooja and Anudeep B. Malannavar 
An Insight into Market competitiveness of Bean to Bar Chocolate in Coimbatore City – Application of Porter’s Five Forces Model  
				
Arun Viswanathan S.K., Mahendran, K., Moghana Lavanya S. and Sowmiyaa, S. 
Effect of Pretreatments on Nutritional Composition of Sorghum, Green Gram and Ragi  
				
A.B. Shingote, S.K. Sadawarte, K.K. Gaikwad, D.B. Gajmal and V.S. Pawar 
Bio-Efficacy of Trichoderma viride 1.15 % WP (Bio Cure-F) Against Wilt Disease of Chilli Caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. capsici under Field Condition  
				
H. Nazneen, S. Patar1 and R. Das  
Economics of Water used in Arecanut under Drip, Sprinkler and Flood  Irrigation Method in Arecanut Growing areas of Chitradurga District of Karnataka, India
  
				
V.N. Narendra, S. Sahana and J. Chaithrashree 
Rhopalocera: Butterflies of Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park, Hyderabad, Telangana State  
				
Kummari Swamy 
Multiphase modification of Tissue Lyser Technique based Genomic DNA Isolation Protocol in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L)  
				
Prafull Kumar, A K Sarawgi, B.K. Das, Deepak Sharma, Gautam Vishwakarma and Vikash Kumar 
Development of Potato Starch Based Biodegradable Packaging Film  
				
Neha J. Hirpara, M.N. Dabhi and P.J. Rathod 
Nutritional Supplementary Role of Non-Standard Amino Acids and Amino Acid Derivatives  
				
Areshdeep Kaur, Gursimran Kaur, Rajeev Kumar, Aditya Bansal, Saruchi, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal,                 Reena Singh and Chirag Chopra 
Pichia stipitis: A Hospitable Host for Bioethanol Production  
				
Tulika Sahay, Poojay Sanjay Yadav, Daljeet Singh Dhanjal, Chirag Chopra and Reena Singh 
Microbial Biomineralization: Creating Wealth from Waste  
				
Ayush Aggarwal, Ishneet Kaur, Vaneet Kaur, Jasmeen Kaur, Mayank Tyagi,                                                   Daljeet Singh Dhanjal, Reena Singh and Chirag Chopra 
Attitude Perspectives of Adolescent Girls on Lingerie Selection, Care and Healthy usage   
				
R. Sujatha and D. Sarada 
Grain Nutritional Traits Analysis in Native Rice Landraces of Tamil Nadu  
				
Theertha Prasad, S. Banumathy, D. Sassikumar, J. Ramalingam and M. Ilamaran 
Spatial Distribution and Incidence of Dry Root Rot of Pigeonpea Caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butler and Stem Canker Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid]  
				
G. Vamsikrishna, S.K. JayaLakshmi, D.S. Aswathanarayana, Y.S. Amaresh and S. Muniswamy 
Effect of Spacing and age of Seedling on Growth and Yield of finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)  
				
Sanjay K.J., Vikram Singh, Dhananjay Tiwari, Shruti G. George                                                                    and Padachala Swathi 
Cyanobacteria - A potential Gram-Negative Bacteria as an alternative for Fertilizers and Bioremediation  
				
Ajay Sharma, Robin Rijal, Sugam Bhetwal, Sachitanand Das, and Anudeep B. Malannavar 
Comparison of the Life Cycle Related Parameters of Bracon hebetor say on  Helicoverpa armigera Hubner Reared on different Hosts  
				
Nivedita Shah, Jayalaxmi Ganguli  A.K. Bhowmick and Sachin Kumar Jaiswal 
Application of Indigenous Biofilm Forming Bacterial Strain in Bioremediation of Heavy Metals  
				
Mohit Kumar Mehra and Evangeline Christina 
Influence of Spacing and Organic Manures on Growth, Yield and Economics of
Mung Bean (Vigna radiata L.)
  
				
Anumandla Swetha Priyadharshini, Vikram Singh, Dhananjay Tiwari, Budige Karthik and Kumbam Mahesh 
Facing the Challenges of Food crisis and Livelihood Security in India under the Threat of COVID-19  
				
Pushpa Yadav and Punit Kumar Agarwal 
Soil Physicochemical Properties as Affected by Organic Weed Management and Conservation Agriculture in Rice- Maize Cropping System of IGP  
				
Subhra Sahoo, D. K. Roy, M. Kumar, Rajeswari Das and M.J. Baldhaniya 
Evaluation of Growth, Yield and Economics of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids under Agro Climatic Conditions of Prayagraj (U.P.)  
				
Kadiyala Naveena, Vikram Singh and Dhananjay Tiwari 
Bioplastic from Waste: A Short Review  
				
Mehvish Shakeel Bhat, Marpu Adi Lakshmi and Rattan Deep Singh 
Influence of Phosphorus and Potassium Levels on Growth, Yield and Economics of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) under eastern Uttar Pradesh Condition  
				
Ankita Priyadarshini, Umesha, C. and M.R. Meshram 
Effect of Blanching on Nutritional Quality of Different Pearl Millet Cultivars  
				
P.A. Pawase, U.D. Chavan and P.M. Kotecha  
Impact of DBT Biotech Kisan Hub Project on Production, Productivity and      Socio Economic Variables of Pulse and Oilseeds Growing Farmers of Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh  
				
G. Prasad Babu,  T. Srinivas, T. Venkata Sridhar  and T. Muralikrishna 
Development and Process Standardisation of Millet Based Instant Appe Mix and its Quality Evaluation   
				
S.S. Wandhekar, B.M. Patil, S. K. Sadawarte, A.R. Sawate, R.B. Kshirsagar and A.M. Swami 
Studies on Preparation of Finger Millet Vermicelli and effect of Guar Gum on Chemical and Sensory Characteristics  
				
A.M. Swami, S.K. Sadawarate, B.M. Patil, A.R Sawate., R.B. Kshirsagar and S.S. Wandhekar 
Aliyar Series – A New Series for Exploration in Pollachi Taluk, Coimbatore Dt., Tamil Nadu  
				
C. Sudhalakshmi and R. Kumaraperumal 
Application of Nanoparticles and Nanotools in Pharmaceutics and Medicine  
				
Gurneet Kaur, Shrestha Banerjee, Akshit Kalia and Evangeline Christina* 
Marker Assisted Selection for Development of Drought Resistant Crops  
				
Gojjepalli Rajitha, Nilesh Talekar, P. Sri Sai Chaitanya, V. Sruthi and D.V. Sravani 
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)  
				
Anamika Roy, Lal Ahamed M., J. Dayal Prasad Babu, Y. Amaravathi, K. Viswanath and B. Sreekanth 
Study of Water Table Behavior by Using Recharge Unit in Babina Block, Bundelkhand Region, Central India
  
				
K.N. Singh, B. Pati and A. Dalai 
Morphology of Shoulder Girdle in Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)  
				
Iniyah K., Jayachitra S. and Kumaravel, A. 
To Study Profile Characteristics of Paddy and Cotton Growers in Karimnagar District of Telangana State  
				
D. Navya and K. Venkataranganaika 
Studies on Gene Action for Yield and its Components Traits in Rice  (Oryza sativa L.) for Sodicity Tolerance  
				
Raushan Lal, P. K. Singh  and Priyanka Rajput  
Comparative Ichthyo Diversity of Ramsar Wetland Sites, Himachal Pradesh, India  
				
 Indu Sharma 
Estimation of Variability for Wide Hybridization between Grasspea and Pea  
				
Rita Chopkar, Abhinav Sao, H. C. Nanda, Sunil Nair and A.K. Sarawgi 
Pollen viability and Pollen Germination Studies in Low Chill Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Cultivars in the Subtropics of North-West Himalayas  
				
Vikas Kumar Sharma, Manika Goswami, Som Dev Sharma and Kaushal Attri 
Integrated Management of Wheat Spot Blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem.  
				
Ashwini R. and P.V. Patil 
Long Term Effects of Weather Parameters on Crop Yield in Mango and Citrus under Una District of Himachal Pradesh  
				
Vikas Kumar Sharma, Karan Kumar, Som Dev Sharma and M.A. Kuchay 
Correlation and Genetic Divergence Studies of Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) under Lower Hilly Region of Himachal Pradesh  
				
Dharminder Kumar, Deepali Chaudhary, Ramesh Bhardwaj, Rajesh Dogra, Aanchal Chauhan, Sandeep Kumar, Kumari Shiwani and V.G.S. Chandel 
Genetic Evaluation of Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) for Pod Yield and its Contributing Traits  
				
Dharminder Kumar, Shubham,  Balbir Singh Dogra, Sunil Thakur, Sandeep Kumar,  Kumari Shiwani,  V.G.S. Chandel, Rajesh Kaler, Vipan Guleria and Aanchal Chauhan 
Multivariate Diagnosis of Nutrient Imbalances in Apple using Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis and Principal Component Analysis  
				
Rakesh Sharma* 
Effect of different doses of gamma rays to induce flower mutants in spray chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramet.)  
				
Swathi, K., Tapas Mandal and Vijayalaxmi, M. 
Yield potential of Pigeonpea varieties under System of Pigeonpea Intensification (SPI)   
				
S.B. Agrawal, Shani Gulaiya, Priya Kochale and Ashish Kumar 
Rugose Spiraling Whitefly, Aleurodicus  rugioperculatus Martin: An Overview  
				
K.S. Pagire, C.S. Chaudhari, V.S. Shinde, S.A. Landage and S.T. Aghav 
Effect of Probiotic on the Growth Status of Rohu (Labeo rohita)  
				
N. Das, S. Das and B.K. Khuntia 
Assessing Zooplankton Communities as Bioindicators in an Urban Freshwater System Near Bhubaneswar Odisha  
				
Srianga Tilak Patnaik and Krushna Kumar Arya 
Impact of Nutrient Management on Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Growth and Yield: A Comprehensive Review  
				
Sarita Sahu 
Identification of Rice Gall Midge Biotype under Field Conditions Prevailing in Y.S.R District, Andhra Pradesh  
				
K. Sunil Kumar, E. Aruna and C. Kiran Kumar Reddy 
 Indexing
 Indexing