Adaptability Studies in Advanced Breeding Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.)

Author: Premika B.P., Venkataravana P., Sowjanya B.A. and Priyadarshini S.K.

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Abstract

Adaptability in different environments needs to be identified properly in order to discriminate between varieties in the targeted agro-ecologies. Furthermore, the presence of drought and biotic stresses continues to result in a yield penalty, which remains a major impediment to groundnut production. Hence, an experiment was conducted to identify specifically adaptable or widely adaptable TMV-2 type groundnut advanced breeding lines across the environments by Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interactions (AMMI), AMMI stability value (ASV), and Genotype plus GEI (GGE) bi-plot analysis. Eight advanced breeding lines derived from three crosses viz., TMV-2 × ICGV-91114, TMV-2 × TG-69 and TMV-2 × ICGV-00350 along with two checks viz., TMV-2 and K-6 following RCBD with three replications were sown at three locations. Based on GGE biplot for ranking of genotypes during Kharif 2021, ABLs viz., T82 and T72 were found to be adaptable. “Which won where pattern” of GGE biplot showed that during Kharif 2021, ABLs T72 and T82 were winning genotype in GKVK, ABLs T77, T65 and T61 were winning genotypes in Mandya and ABLT89 was found to be winning genotype in Balajigapade for kernel yield plant-1. Based on ASV and SI, for kernel yield plant-1, during Kharif 2021 ABLs T65, T77, T81 and T82 were found to be adaptable whereas during Rabi 2021 ABLs T77, T81, T82 and T65 were found to be stable and recommended for mega environment production. ABLs T65, T77, T81 and T82were found to be stable across the seasons. The stable lines identified can be used as a parents in breeding programmes.

Keywords

Groundnut stability, AMMI, ASV, GGE bi-plot, GEI, Stability Analysis, Which won where pattern

Conclusion

TMV-2, the variety developed and released in 1940 (82 years back) is still ruling despite other varieties better than TMV-2 with good pod and kernel features. On the other hand, it has been denotified, thus it is no longer available in the official seed supply chain. There is a pressing need to develop a variety with higher yield potential than TMV-2 but with similar pod and kernel type. One of the reasons for the low productivity of groundnut in the nation is the slow adoption of improved varieties and their variable performance in various conditions. Due to genotype environment interactions (GEI), it is generally known that genotypes that perform well in one environment may or may not perform well in another. A genotype with low GEI will have high stability and vice versa. Therefore, if care is not taken to select for both yield and stability of performance when developing a high yielding cultivar, one may end up with a high yielding genotype that is only suitable for a specific climate. Pooled analysis of variance indicated significant variability attributable to ABLs and their interaction with spatial environments for all the traits considered for the study. For kernel yield plant-1, ABLs T65, T77, T81 and T82 were found to be adaptable. Four ABLs viz., T65, T77, T81 and T82 were found to be stable across the seasons for kernel yield plant-1. Based on which won where pattern for the trait kernel yield plant-1 T72 and T82 were the winning genotypes in environment 1 (GKVK), T77, T65 and T61 in environment 2 (Mandya) and T89 found to be the winning genotype in environment 3 (Balajigapade). Found adaptable lines will be checked for kernel yield potential in future years and after their validation the stable lines can be released as a variety or these stable lines can be used as parents breeding programs.

References

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How to cite this article

Premika B.P., Venkataravana P., Sowjanya B.A. and Priyadarshini S.K. (2023). Adaptability Studies in Advanced Breeding Lines of Groundnut (Arachis hypogeal L.). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(8a): 456-468.