Antimicrobial Resistance of Microbial Flora of cervical Mucosal Discharge Associated with Reproductive Performance of Cow Estrus

Author: Shambhavi, Manish Kumar Shukla, Harshit Verma, Suresh Kumar, Ashutosh Tripathi, Atul Kumar Verma, Atul Gupta and Koushlesh Ranjan

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Abstract

The use of antimicrobial agents is becoming increasingly widespread and alarming, not only in India but throughout the world. Controlling the misuse of antimicrobials is a challenge that often leads to the development of bacterial resistance and increased costs associated with chronic disease and healthcare services. Investigating AMR in bacteria isolated from cattle cervix prior to insemination is the main goal of this study. Cervical mucosal discharge (CMD) were collected aseptically from 18 cows between 3 to 6th parity prior to their first insemination and transported to the laboratory in the nutrient broth for carrying microbiological examination. After culturing on agar plates, bacterial isolates were identified by conventional and molecular methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by disc diffusion technique against 12 antibiotics drugs. Bacteria isolated were mostly E. coli (61.11%), Staphylococcus spp. (11.11%), Mixed Infection (16.67%) and Candida spp. (11.11%). E. coli bacteria are most commonly associated with the cervical mucosal cases. The present results revealed that E. coli were highly sensitive against ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, and levofloxacin followed with cotrimoxazole (81.8%), nitrofurantoin (72.7%), oxytetracycline (72.7%) and ampicillin/sulbactum (63.6%). In conclusion, bacteria from the cow cervix showed low resistance to most antibiotics and antibacterial resistance may increase with increasing parity. It was also observed that the isolated E. coli have average resistance of 30% to seven antimicrobials. The highest resistance rates were seen with cefixime (81.8%) followed with trimethoprime (72.7%), ampicillin/sulbactum (36.4%), cotrimoxazole (18.2%), nalidixic acid (36.4%), nitrofurantoin (27.3%) and oxytetracycline (27.3%). The current study suggested that CMD should be evaluated more carefully when there are infertility problems.

Keywords

Antimicrobial resistance, Cervical swabs, antibiotics

Conclusion

The bacteria isolated in this study from all animals were mostly E. coli, Staphylococcus spp., Candida spp. and mixed infection and were evenly distributed among individuals and farms. E. coli were more common followed with Staphylococcus in cows. A higher concentration of antibiotics was required to slow bacterial growth in isolates from cows which might suggest that resistance in the cervical flora could develop in response to the antibiotics.

References

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How to cite this article

Shambhavi, Manish Kumar Shukla, Harshit Verma, Suresh Kumar, Ashutosh Tripathi, Atul Kumar Verma, Atul Gupta and Koushlesh Ranjan (2023). Antimicrobial Resistance of Microbial Flora of cervical Mucosal Discharge Associated with Reproductive Performance of Cow Estrus. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(8a): 23-27.