Assessment of Genetic Variability in Soybean (Glycine max L., Merrill)

Author: Vijay Bairagi, Sheshnath Mishra, Ramraj Sen, Saurabh Dixit and Dinesh Baboo Tyagi

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Abstract

Among the farmers, it is always demand of high yielding varieties. Development of high yielding varieties is routine activities which involve identification of superior plants through selection and development of new varieties by breeder. In now a day due to climate change, continuous breeding efforts with identification of new lines for development of high yielding varieties is essential to overcome climate change effects in form of decline in yield production of present high yielding cultivars due to these changes. Thirty two soybean genotypes were evaluated for ten morphological characters during Kharif season, 2022 in Randomized Block Design with three replications at IARI-SKAF-CORC, Changli, Mandsaur. Analysis of variance depicted significant differences among the accessions for all the traits. The estimated value of phenotypic variance was higher than the corresponding genotypic variance for all the ten traits. PCV and GCV were moderate to low for all characters. GCV recorded was the highest for number of pods per plant (36.44%) followed by grain yield (33.98%), number of pods per cluster (22.91%) and plant height (17.51%). High PCV coupled with high GCV for number of pods per plant, grain yield, number of pods per cluster, plant height and numbers of primary branches per plant show presence of wider adaptability for these traits in the genotypes due to the less effect of environment in the expression of traits. Number of pods per plant (97.27%) had the highest heritability followed by grain yield (95.91%), number of pods per cluster (93.01%), plant height (88.34%), number of primary branches per plant (86.58) and 100 seed weight (83.04%). High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of pods per plant, grain yield, number of pods per cluster, plant height and number of primary branches per plant indicating operation of additive gene action and the ample scope for improvement in these traits through simple selection. Considering genetic variability emphasis should be given on number of pods per plant, grain yield, number of pods per cluster, plant height and number of primary branches per plant during breeding program to improve seed yield of soybean.

Keywords

Genetic Variability, Soybean, Genotypes, PCV, GCV, Genotypic Variance, Heritability

Conclusion

The data of analysis of variance produced the presence of significant genetic variability among the genotype for all ten characters including seed yield. Estimates of genetic variability parameters showed that phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than respective genotypic coefficient of variation. High GCV was recorded for character grain yield (33.98 %), number of pods per plant (36.44%) and number of pods per cluster (22.91%) respectively. This study depicted high value of heritability indicates that predominance of additive gene action and there is least influenced of environment in characters. Hence direct phenotypic selection would be followed for these traits in breeding program for develop high yielding traits. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean recorded for number of pods per cluster, grain yield and number of pods per plant respectively. High heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of mean indicated that there is an additive gene action so that they are selectable traits for future breeding program.

References

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How to cite this article

Vijay Bairagi, Sheshnath Mishra, Ramraj Sen, Saurabh Dixit and Dinesh Baboo Tyagi (2023). Assessment of Genetic Variability in Soybean (Glycine max L., Merrill). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5): 258-263.