Current and Future Prospective in Management of Tuberculosis

Author: Rohit Doke, Tejas Naik, Ajay Bhagwat, Rushali Deokar and Mahadevan Swamy

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Abstract

Tuberculosis is chronic airborne bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, characterized by respiratory illness, impaired immune systems and is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. The significant harmful side effects of the conventional synthetic therapeutic approaches and the development of cross- or multidrug resistance, which makes medication more challenging, have a detrimental impact on people health. Unsatisfactory diagnostics and treatment, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB), the Short Course (DOTS) programme, unregulated private health care leading to widespread irrational use of first- and second-line anti-TB drugs, and HIV coinfection are some of the main causes of the ongoing challenges in TB control. Natural products have been and will be a prominent source of novel medications for a wide range of disease. Antituberculotic medicinal plants provide an innovative clinical management, enabling the discovery of new molecules to prevent infection. The rising prevalence of multidrug-resistant, MTB strains and the adverse consequences of first- and second-line antitubercular agents have led to the growing interest in natural products in the search for novel antitubercular leads. Previous research has demonstrated that ayurvedic treatments significantly lower TB patients' mortality rates. Due to its low toxicity and safety as compared to allopathic therapies, ayurvedic medicine is become most popular. Many medicinal plants have shown potential for the development of drug-hit candidates and many other drugs are currently in different phases of clinical trials. New drug delivery systems are currently being studied for the effective delivery of drugs to increase efficacy and reduce the chances of toxicity with the delivery of the drugs to the targeted site. The present review provides In-depth features of antituberculosis plants, chemical constituents, anti-tubercular characteristics and their ability of impacting the early stages of drug discovery with which they can be used as future novel treatment option in management of TB.

Keywords

Tuberculosis, management of TB, natural products, recent approved anti-tubercular agents, novel treatment for TB, Ayurveda in TB

Conclusion

WHO has introduced all-oral regimens for better efficacy and safety but still there are concerns which are needed to be entertained efficiently and require the development of novel drugs and tremendous work in this field. Nature provides a plentiful supply of plants that can be utilized to treat human illnesses. Herbs have had a wide range of effects on human health as a foundational and important structure of traditional medicinal systems. Progress in the quest for exemplary treatments may be shown in the potency of chemically different compounds and herbs as prospective hepatoprotective and antimycobacterial agents. Combining the receptor specific characteristics of anti-TB medications with the many health advantages of medicinal plants might thus be a beneficial method to control TB and its adverse effects (Swain and Hussain 2022). Many medicinal plants have shown potential for the development of drug-hit candidates and many other drugs are currently in different phases of clinical trials (Tuyiringire et al., 2020). New drug delivery systems are currently being studied for the effective delivery of drugs to increase efficacy and reduce the chances of toxicity with the delivery of the drugs to the targeted site (Dua et al., 2018). Many people in poor nations use both prescription medications and herbal supplements at the same time. As a result, suitable research is needed to counteract this prevalent frequency. The mechanism behind the engagement of anti-TB drugs with herbal constituents has received little attention. There is a significant knowledge gap between attending physicians and the medicinal usage of herbal adjuvants. Plants having anti-tubercular and anti-oxidant capabilities might be investigated for their effective molecules and utilized in the development of new formulations that are acceptable to a larger range of doctors. In the present review, an enormous number of different compounds showed anti-TB activity as well. These provide fresh opportunities for the advancement of original anti-TB drugs. Some of the substances may be used in clinical sector to treat deadly diseases. Thus, before large-scale human usage, detailed studies of herb–drug interactions in many conventional experimental setups are required to assure the safety and effectiveness of such combos.

References

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How to cite this article

Rohit Doke, Tejas Naik, Ajay Bhagwat, Rushali Deokar and Mahadevan Swamy (2023). Current and Future Prospective in Management of Tuberculosis. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(4): 799-805.