Dmrt the Sex Determination Gene in Fish

Author: Lukram Sushil Singh, Viral Kumar Ganpatbhai Ad, Solomon Kamei, Arya Singh, Amrita Mohanty and Gowhar Iqbal

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Abstract

Fish is considered one of the most varied aquatic groups of all animals. Fish possesses an incredible diversity of sex-determination processes compared to humans and birds. In fish, the female heterogametes (female WZ and male ZZ, as in birds) can be identified in both the identical fish genus and the same fish species. Genetic determination of sex in fish can be monogenic or polygenic. There are about nine types of sex determination in fish. Among vertebrates, fish stand as the sole category in which various species display inherent hermaphroditism—whether simultaneous or sequential—in their natural state. Among these sex determinants, Dmrt is a gene involved in gonadal development and sex differentiation from invertebrates to humans and is considered the primary conserved gene. The double sex- and Mab-3-related domain is a shared DNA-binding motif that sets the Dmrt family of molecules apart. Fish's genetic sex determination is influenced by either mild genetic or environmental factors or a combination. Temperature acts as an environmental influencer on sex determination, which has been connected to increased stress and induces changes in circulating cortisol levels. Understanding sexual development in terms of genetics and molecular mechanisms that control sex differentiation during embryonic development is important in order to understand disordered sexual development and comprehend the evolutionary background of sexual maturation and reproduction. In this paper, we have discussed the various genetic and environmental factors that influence the sex of fish. This review is dedicated to how Dmrt is related to sex determination in fish and its impact on environmental factors

Keywords

Sex determination, Dmrt, DNA-binding motif, Stress, Fish

Conclusion

Dmrt (Doublesex and Mab-3 Related Transcription factor) is an important gene involved in fish sex determination. This function of Dmrt genes is conserved regardless of mating system and sex determination method. It plays an important role in regulating the development of male characteristics such as testis formation, and its absence usually results in female development. Understanding the function of Dmrt is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying sex determination in fish species

References

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How to cite this article

Lukram Sushil Singh, Viral Kumar Ganpatbhai Ad, Solomon Kamei, Arya Singh, Amrita Mohanty and Gowhar Iqbal (2024). Dmrt the Sex Determination Gene in Fish. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(3): 122-128.