Effect of Late Sowing on Bread Wheat Resilience to Terminal Heat stress based on Morphological and Quality Traits

Author: Karuna, Y.P.S. Solanki, Vikram Singh, M.S. Dalal and Navreet Kaur Rai

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Abstract

Crop improvement programmes require precise knowledge of germplasm variability and genetic relationships among breeding material. To study the effect of late sowing on variability and association among twenty three morphological and quality traits, the experiment was carried out with sixty advance breeding lines along with four standard checks of wheat during Rabi 2020-21 at the research area of Wheat and Barley section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar. The study revealed highly significant differences among the advance lines for yield and its contributing traits. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was slightly higher than their respective genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the characters, indicating the least influence of environment on the characters studied. The estimates of PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance were observed to be high for total soluble sugars, while grain weight per spike, crude protein, sedimentation value, wet gluten, dry gluten and total gluten had moderate GCV, PCV along with high heritability and genetic advance, suggesting the possibility of improving these traits through selection. Grain yield per plot was found to have significant and positive correlation with days to heading, number of effective tillers per metre, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf length, peduncle length, main spike weight, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight, biological yield per plot, harvest index and hectolitre weight, depicting the prospect of improving these yield contributing traits concurrently. Whereas, grain yield showed a negative significant correlation with crude protein and sedimentation value. The path coefficient analysis showed that almost all the traits contributed to grain yield per plot via biological yield per plot and harvest index, indicating that indirect selection through both these traits would lead to crop improvement. A remarkable magnitude of genetic variability was found that can be used for selection of heat tolerant lines.

Keywords

Late sown, Genetic variability, Morphological and Quality traits

Conclusion

It can be concluded from the above mentioned findings and details that the genotypes used in the study exhibited considerable variability for various traits giving opportunities of the genetic gain through selection or hybridization. High PCV, GCV, heritability and genetic advance were observed for total soluble sugars, while moderate GCV, PCV along with high heritability and genetic advance were observed for grain weight per spike, crude protein, sedimentation value, wet gluten, dry gluten and total gluten, suggesting the possibility of improving these traits through selection. The traits governing yield i.e., biological yield per plot, number of effective tillers per meter, 1000 grain weight, flag leaf length, peduncle length, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike and hectolitre weight under stress were identified, on the basis of association analysis. Hence, it would be rewarding to lay stress on these characters for improvement. The genetic control of variation in the grain yield per plot in bread wheat is governed by a number of interrelated processes, many of which have been better understood as a result of the current study. Thus, the findings of the present study would offer some guidance for choosing parents, predicting the potential benefits of genetic recombination, and developing a model plant type for selection in segregating generations.

References

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How to cite this article

Karuna, Y.P.S. Solanki, Vikram Singh, M.S. Dalal and Navreet Kaur Rai (2023). Effect of Late Sowing on Bread Wheat Resilience to Terminal Heat stress based on Morphological and Quality Traits. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(7): 293-299.