INTRODUCTION Pulses are center of proteins, they are frequently called as poor-man’s meat and rich man's vegetable. India accounts for about 33% of world area and with 22% of world’s production of pulses (Soundararajan and Chitra 2011). Greengram (Vigna radiata L.) is the third most important crop in India after chickpea and pigeon pea. In India, area covered by green gram is 4.74 million hectares with a production of 2.62 metric tonnes and productivity of 0.55 t/ha (AICRP on MULLaRP, Annual Report, 2020-21). Potential yields and good quality seed can be achievable during Rabi season, but insect pests pose a major threat especially sucking pests (thrips, whiteflies, aphids and viral diseases). The annual yield loss due to the insect pests has been estimated at about 30 per cent in greengram out of which, whitefly can cause losses around 30-70 % and thrips can cause 40% losses (Soundararajan and Chitra 2011). Sucking pests should be controlled even from early stage itself especially thrips and whiteflies which are considered as major threat to rabi greengram. Sucking pests were the significant nuisances in beginning phases of growth since they decreases the energy of plant and also act as vectors for many viral diseases. Several foliar insecticides have been recommended for combating various insect pests attacking greengram. Such sole reliance on foliar insecticides has created many problems such as very frequent application of insecticides led to excessive residues in the produce, which are the concerns of general consumer health and environment, insecticides resistance, poisoning and hazards to non target organisms and increased production costs etc. (Rao et al., 2000). Hence, it is necessary to identify new seed treatment molecules, new granular insecticides and combination of seed treatment with effective soil spraying of liquid insecticides against sucking pests in greengram. MATERIALS AND METHODS A field experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of seed treatment, granular insecticides and seed treatment in combination of soil spraying of insecticides against sucking pests, thrips, aphids and whiteflies infesting greengram. The experiment was carried out at Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Warangal during the Rabi season of year 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in Randomized block design with ten treatments and 3 replications with plot size was 7.5 Sq.mt with a spacing of 30 cm × 10 cm. The popular variety of greengram WGG-42 was used while conducting the experiment. The details of treatments imposed in experiment are given below. The recommended amount of insecticide and arabic gum were added to one kilogram of greengram seeds in polythene cover and the mixture was shaken vigorously to ensure that the insecticides were evenly distributed throughout the seeds. The seeds were then used for sowing after being dried for 24 hours. All granular insecticides were applied in soil twice, at the time of sowing and 20 days after sowing (DAS), whereas soil spraying of acephate was carried out at 20 and 40 days after sowing in conjunction with seed treatments. The sucking pests: thrips, aphids and whiteflies were recorded early morning. The number of sap-sucking pests was counted by tapping the top two, middle two, and bottom two leaves on a white piece of paper at weekly intervals from 7 days after germination (DAG) up to 56 days after germination (DAG) on five randomly selected and tagged plants as suggested by Men and Sarode (1999) for whiteflies and Rathore and Tiwari for thrips (1999) during morning hours. The data was subjected for square root transformation and statistical analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Thrips. The mean population of thrips per six leaves varied between different treatments, including the untreated control, and ranged from 0.61 to 5.51 (Table 2 and Fig. 1). Among all the treatments evaluated seed treatment with cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% @ 4 ml kg-1 seed + soil spraying of acephate @ 3 g l-1(T7) was found to be the most effective treatment against thrips as only 0.61 thrips per six leaves was recorded with 88.93% reduction of thrips population over untreated control. Seed treatment with acephate @ 5g kg-1 seed + soil spraying of acephate @ 3 g l-1 (T9) recorded 0.73 thrips per six leaves (86.73% reduction), followed by seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole @ 8 ml kg-1 seed + soil spraying of acephate @ 3 g l-1 (T8) (77.03% reduction) with 1.26 thrips per six leaves. While seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole @ 8 ml kg-1 seed (T2) (26.54% reduction) and application of chlorantraniliprole granules @ 10 kg ha-1 (T5) (25.75% reduction) were recorded as least effective treatments with 4.05 and 4.09 thrips per six leaves and were on par with each other. The population of thrips was significantly highest in untreated control (T10) with a mean population of 5.51 thrips per six leaves. The results are in concurrence with Jordan et al. (2006) who revealed that acephate @ 1.1 kg ha-1 applied in soil furrow was proved to be very effective in controlling tobacco thrips in peanut. Similarly, Mahoney et al. (2018) also reported that acephate @ 1.1 kg a.i. ha-1, imidacloprid @ 0.21 kg a.i. ha-1 and phorate @ 0.56 kg a.i. ha-1 applied in the soil furrows at the time of planting were most effective in reducing thrips population in peanut. Majumdar et al. (2020) also reported that, in soil furrow application of admire Pro 4.6 F and orthene 75 S were most effective in controlling thrips population in peanut. Aphids. The mean population of aphids was ranged in between 1.57 to 7.66 across the different treatments including untreated control and the per cent reduction was ranged in between 79.54 to 34.34% (Table 3 and Fig. 2). Among all the treatments tested, application of fipronil granules (T6) @ 10 kg ha-1 (79.54% reduction) was found to be most effective treatment in controlling aphid population as only 1.57 aphids per six leaves was recorded, followed by application benfuracarb granules (T4) @ 25 kg ha-1 (75.32% reduction) with 1.89 aphids per six leaves. Where as application of chlorantraniliprole granules (T5) @ 10 kg ha-1 (35.48% reduction), seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole @ 8 ml kg-1 seed + soil spraying of acephate @ 3 g l-1 (T8) (34.34% reduction)and seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole @ 8 ml kg-1 seed (T2) (33.90% reduction) were found to be least effective treatments against aphids with 4.95, 5.03 and 5.06 aphids per six leaves respectively. Significantly highest population of aphids was noticed from untreated control (T10) with 7.66 aphids per six leaves. The present results obtained were in accordance with Surulivelu and Kumaraswami (1990) who concluded that carbofuran granules @ 1 kg a.i. ha-1 was effective in controlling aphids up to 47 DAS in cotton. Similarly, Zhang et al. (2015) also concluded that application of clothianidin granules @ 3.6 kg a.i. ha-1 was effective against aphids in cotton up to 115 days after planting. Further, Adama et al. (2016) also stated that single application of carbofuran 3G granules was very effective against aphids in cowpea. Shah et al. (2021) also concluded that fipronil 0.3G @ 25 kg ha-1 performed best and was on par with fipronil 0.3G @ 20 kg ha-1, cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 20 kg ha-1 and cartap hydrochloride 4G @ 25 kg ha-1. Whiteflies. The mean population of whiteflies was ranged from 1.68 (application of fipronil granules @ 10 kg ha-1) to 5.14 (Untreated control) (Table 4 and Fig. 3). Among all the treatments tested, application of fipronil granules @ 10 kg ha-1 (T6) (67.31% reduction) was found to be most effective treatment in controlling whitefly population as only 1.68 whiteflies per six leaves was recorded. This treatment was followed by seed treatment with cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% @ 4 ml kg-1 seed + soil spraying of acephate @ 3 g l-1 (T7) (57.97% reduction) and seed treatment with cyantraniliprole 19.8% + thiamethoxam 19.8% @ 4 ml kg-1 seed (T1) (57.39% reduction) with 2.16 and 2.19 whiteflies per six leaves respectively and were significantly at par with each other. However, application of chlorantraniliprole granules @ 10 kg ha-1 (T5) (31.12% reduction), seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole @ 8 ml kg-1 seed + soil spraying of acephate @ 3 g l-1 (T8) (30.73% reduction) and seed treatment with chlorantraniliprole @ 8 ml kg-1 seed (T5) (30.35% reduction) were found to be least effective treatments in controlling whitefly population with 3.54, 3.56 and 3.58 whiteflies per six leaves respectively. Significantly the highest population of whiteflies was recorded in untreated control (T10) with 5.14 whiteflies per six leaves. The results obtained were in accordance with Singh et al. (2017) as they concluded that application of carbofuran granules 3 G @ 1.5 kg a.i. ha-1 at the time of sowing and hoeing was effective in controlling whiteflies population in blackgram. Similarly, Zhang et al. (2017) also stated that spot application of clothianidin granules @ 4 g a.i. ha-1 was most effective in reducing whitefly population in cotton. Shah et al. (2021) also concluded lowest incidence of whiteflies was recorded with fipronil 0.3G @ 25 kg ha-1 which was on par with fipronil 0.3G @ 20 kg ha-1 in potato.