Exploring the Classification, Properties, and Biological Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review

Author: Nandan Singh Karki, Tanuja Bisht, Manoj Pal, Bipin Chandra Pathak and Manisha Bisht

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Abstract

Green synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganism such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential as an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional chemical synthesis methods. The synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts and microorganisms has been extensively explored as plants are a potential source of many reducing and capping agents. It is evident that microorganisms have enormous potential specially to synthesize metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles of various size and shapes. Therefore, the possibilities of different biological sources such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast in green synthesis were discussed and highlighted. However, some challenges are still exist such as the optimization of microbial growth, and the scalability of the synthesis process. Recently, many progressive efforts are being used to tackle these problems as discussed in this review article. This review article mainly emphasized on the classification, properties, and microorganism based green synthesis approaches of nanoparticles.

Keywords

Green synthesis, nanotechnology, nanoparticles, and nanoparticles applications

Conclusion

In conclusion, the green synthesis of nanoparticles using bacteria, fungi, and plants has emerged as a promising approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This approach is eco-friendly, cost-effective, and has significant potential for large-scale production. Bacteria, fungi, and plants possess unique biochemical pathways that can be exploited to synthesize nanoparticles with specific sizes, shapes, and surface properties. Additionally, green synthesized nanoparticles exhibit excellent biocompatibility and have a wide range of applications in various fields such as medicine, agriculture, and industry. Therefore, the use of bacteria, fungi, and plants for green synthesis of nanoparticles is a sustainable alternative to conventional methods that involve toxic chemicals and high energy consumption. However, there are some intrinsic drawbacks in green synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms as they are very sensitive to change in growth conditions such as temperature, pH, and nutrient availability. Slight change in growth conditions could lead to unfavorable results. Further, slow growth of microorganisms is also a major speed breaker in the progress of green synthesis. More researches are needed to control and optimize the growth conditions. The uprising field of genetic engineering is an effective solution to modify the microorganisms as per the requirements. It is expected that green synthesis approach will become more widely adopted and contribute to the development of a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.

References

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How to cite this article

Nandan Singh Karki, Tanuja Bisht, Manoj Pal, Bipin Chandra Pathak and Manisha Bisht (2023). Exploring the Classification, Properties, and Biological Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5): 1559-1566.