Exploring the Potential of Pyrimidine: A Comprehensive Review of its Biological Roles, Medicinal Applications, and Synthetic Methodologies in Drug Development

Author: Ajay A. Kumbhar, Harichandra A. Parbat and Anna Pratima Nikalje

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Abstract

Medical chemistry focuses on developing and producing medicinal compounds or pharmaceutical agents that have positive effects on human health and well-being. About half of modern organic chemistry research focuses on heterocyclic chemicals, which have been shown to be both widely and economically useful as therapeutic agents. Pyrimidines, a notable heterocyclic compound, are among the most notable due to their notable pharmacological effects. They are vital constituents of cellular structures and all forms of organic life, and their biological activities are essential for the development and release of effective new drugs. Pyrimidine and its derivatives exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological actions, including but not limited to anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer characteristics. The ability of pyrimidine to exhibit synthetic flexibility has enabled the production of several derivatives with varying structures. This has greatly eased the investigation of a broad spectrum of biological targets. This research provides a comprehensive description of the biological roles associated with the pyrimidine scaffold. Due to the significant biological activities exhibited by pyrimidine, the field of medicinal chemistry maintains a continued interest in the pyrimidine skeleton as a valuable component for drug development. Consequently, the development of practical and dependable methodologies for the synthesis of pyrimidine molecules is of utmost importance. This article provides an overview of the anticancer and antibacterial capabilities associated with the pyrimidine scaffold. The scientific discoveries presented in this publication possess the potential to serve as a source of inspiration for future scholars, encouraging them to explore the intricacies of this particular heterocyclic scaffold. This review paper has the potential to draw the attention of researchers who are interested in the structural design and development of innovative active pyrimidine scaffolds, aiming to enhance their activity while minimising their toxicity.

Keywords

Pyrimidine, Drug Development, Synthesis, Biological Activities

Conclusion

The field of medical chemistry is centred around the research and synthesis of medicinal chemicals or pharmaceutical agents that possess beneficial properties for the enhancement of human health and overall well-being. Approximately 50% of contemporary organic chemistry research is dedicated to the investigation of heterocyclic compounds, which have demonstrated significant use as medicinal agents, exhibiting both broad applicability and economic viability. Pyrimidines, a prominent class of heterocyclic compounds, are widely recognised for their significant pharmacological effects. Lipids are integral components of cellular structures and play a crucial role in all forms of organic life. Their biological functions are vital for the advancement and dissemination of efficacious novel pharmaceuticals. Anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer properties are just some of the many biological and pharmacological activities displayed by pyrimidine and its derivatives. The synthetic flexibility of pyrimidine has allowed for the generation of a large number of structurally diverse derivatives, which has facilitated the study of a wide range of biochemical targets. The biological functions of the pyrimidine scaffold have been described in this article. Given the pyrimidine's biological activities, the medicinal chemist will likely continue to be interested in the pyrimidine skeleton for use in medicinal chemistry and drug development; therefore, it is crucial that effective and reliable methods be developed for the construction of these molecules. The pyrimidine scaffold's anticancer and antimicrobial properties have been outlined in this review. This manuscript's scientific findings could be useful in inspiring future researchers to investigate this heterocyclic scaffold. A potential outcome of this review article is attracting researchers interested in the structural design and development of novel active pyrimidine scaffolds with increased activity and decreased toxicity.

References

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How to cite this article

Ajay A. Kumbhar, Harichandra A. Parbat and Anna Pratima Nikalje (2023). Exploring the Potential of Pyrimidine: A Comprehensive Review of its Biological Roles, Medicinal Applications, and Synthetic Methodologies in Drug Development. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(4): 963-976.