In the summer-kharif season of 2021, a half-diallel study was executed, utilizing 10 parental lines and generating 45 F1 hybrids. The primary aim was to assess the extent of heterosis compared to mid-parental, superior parental, and the standard commercial reference "GJOH 3". The degree of heterosis exhibited variability across different cross combinations for all the traits analyzed. The most notable positive and statistically significant heterosis in terms of fruit yield per plant was witnessed in the GAO 5 × Arka Abhay cross. This particular cross outperformed not only the mid-parental and superior parental references but also surpassed the standard benchmark. The hybrid combination GAO 5 × Arka Abhay demonstrated robust and consistent heterosis as well as inherent performance in fruit yield per plant, suggesting its potential for commercial utilization pending further comprehensive assessment. In the context of genetic expression of heterosis there are several challenges that researchers and breeders may encounter i.e., Identifying specific genes and molecular mechanisms responsible for heterosis in yield is challenging due to the complex and non-additive nature of genetic interactions. Achieving and maintaining sufficient genetic diversity in crops, necessary for harnessing heterosis, can be difficult in cases where the genetic variability is limited. Ensuring the stability of heterotic effects across diverse environments and generations poses a challenge in the genetic expression of heterosis for yield. Developing and producing hybrid seeds on a large scale is logistically challenging, and addressing regulatory and ethical concerns related to genetically modified organisms is essential. High estimates of heterosis obtained in hybrid combinations revealed considerable genetic divergence among the parental lines and also reveals good scope for commercial exploitation of heterosis in okra.

Heterosis, yield, per se performance, okra, half diallel, hybrid

In conclusion, the half-diallel study provided valuable insights into the extent of heterosis in okra. The GAO 5 × Arka Abhay hybrid emerged as a standout performer, exhibiting significant and consistent heterosis in fruit yield per plant, surpassing not only parental references but also the standard commercial benchmark. However, the genetic expression of heterosis in crop yield poses challenges, including the identification of specific genes and molecular mechanisms, maintaining sufficient genetic diversity, ensuring stability across environments, and addressing logistical, regulatory, and ethical concerns. Despite these challenges, the study highlights the promising potential for commercial exploitation of heterosis in okra through strategic breeding and further comprehensive assessments.

Mori Chandni, G.S. Patel, A.R. Patel and D.L. Sundesha (2023). Genetic Expression of Heterosis for Yield and its Related Traits in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(11): 193-196.