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Genetic Variability of Mung Bean for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits

Author: Umesh Kumar Singh* and Lalji Bharti

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Abstract

Production potential of mung bean is greatly reduced due to abiotic stress like drought. The optimum temperatures for germination of this crop is 25 to 30°C. The temperature is of key importance for plant development, influencing the rate of photosynthesis, flowering and even pod setting or grain filling. High temperature stress during germination and flowering and drought and salinity stresses during entire life cycle of crop cause considerable yield losses in mung bean. Global warming is posing a great threat to the modern agriculture .Due to abrupt increase in environmental temperature; production of majority of the crops including mung bean is adversely affected. This is aggravating the problem of farming community increasing their demand for mung bean varieties resistant to various abiotic stresses. Many breeding programmes have been initiated to develop drought tolerant/ resistant varieties in mung bean. This experiment was conducted at Research Farm, Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar with 24 mung bean genotypes during the summer of 2019 in Randomized Block Design with three replications and 16 characters. The Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was found highly significant variation among the genotypes for all the characters. The higher estimation of PCV and GCV both were found in these characters viz., number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield per plant (g), and grain yield per plant (g). The indicating lesser influence of environment in expression of the character hence selection for these traits may be effective. The characters viz., number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, grain yield per plant(g), biological yield per plant(g), harvest index(%), number of pods per plant, main shoot length(cm), 100-seed weight(g) and number of clusters per plant observed high heritability with high genetic advance as percent of the mean. The genotypes SML 1825, VGG 17-040, MH 1451, Pusa M 19-42, and VGG 17-015 producing higher grain yield per plant are high yielding and well-performing genotypes.

Keywords

Variation, heritability, genotypes.

Conclusion

The analysis of variance were highly significant for all the characters under study, indicating the presence of considerable genetic variation in the experimental material. Wide ranges of variation (phenotypic & genotypic) were observed in the experimental material for all the traits under study. The phenotypic variance was found higher than the corresponding genotypic variances for all the traits under study. This may be due to the non- genetic factor which played an important role in the Singh & Bharti Biological Forum – An International Journal 14(2): 91-96(2022) 95 manifestation of these characters. The highest estimated of heritability in broad sense was recorded for characters 100-seed weight(g), number of secondary branches per plant, number of primary branches per plant, main shoot length(cm), biological yield per plant(g), harvest index(%), days to 50% flowering, plant height(cm), days to first flowering, grain yield per plant(g), days to maturity, number of pods per plant, number of clusters per plant and number of grains per pod exhibited high heritability (>60%) was estimated. The moderate heritability (>30 to <60%) was estimated for pod length (cm) (56.60%) and number of pods per cluster (34.40%) while the low heritability (<30%) was not estimated in any character. The high genetic advance was observed for number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield per plant(g), grain yield per plant(g), harvest index(%), number of pods per plant, main shoot length(cm), 100-seed weight(g), and number of clusters per plant. The high heritability coupled with high genetic advance for primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, biological yield per plant(g), grain yield per plant(g), harvest index(%), number of pods per plant, main shoot length(cm), 100-seed weight(g), and number of clusters per plant indicating may be presence of additive gene effects and selection will be effective for such traits. In the coming days world will witness more fluctuations in environmental condition will global warming and further aggravating problem in agricultural production. Due to depletion of water table and scanty rainfall during peak water requirement period, major crop growing areas face water scarcity which adversely affects overall crop production creating drought like situation. Hence, future challenges in agricultural production will be to identify heat tolerant varieties for mitigating the abioic stresses. Acknowledgement. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Director, AICRP (Mung bean) for constant encouragement and support. Authors are also thankful to the coordinator AICRP crops TCA Dholi, DRPCAU Pusa for providing the research facility and necessary support during the study. Conflict of Interest. None.

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How to cite this article

Umesh Kumar Singh and Lalji Bharti (2022). Genetic Variability of Mung Bean for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(2): 91-96.