The teats and the teat canal serves as the first line of defense in protecting the mammary gland against various infections. The present study was undertaken to gain a detailed insight of the teat canal by the histo-logical and gross appearance of appearance of teat canal when seen using the telescope to gain a detailed insight of it. Histologically the smooth muscles were seen getting condense towards the streak canal. The apocrine sweat gland, were observed which the part of excretory duct. The alveolar secretory tissue, were seen present in the wall of the lactiferous sinus which emptied directly into the lumen of the lactiferous sinus. Furstenberg’s rosette, which appeared as modified zone of mucosa were thrown into primary and secondary folds, located in between teat canal and teat cistern. Bilayered cuboidal epithelium lined the mucosal folds. Subepithelial area of rosette was formed by of numerous lymphocytes, polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes, macrophages and plasma cells. Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium lined the mucosa below the Furstenberg’s rosette. The endoscopic examination of teat which is called as theloscopy showed that the mucosa of the teat duct was smooth bearing a color film from white to black. The area around Furstenberg's rosette appeared as an undulation of the mucosa emerged in the teat cistern having the same color with the teat duct. Whereas the mucosa of the teat cistern was smooth with color varying from white to yellow

theloscopy, polymorpho-nuclear, Subepithelial, endoscop

In the cross sections view of the teat canal, it was seen to be composed of five to seven cornified epithelial projections forming the star shaped slit. Also that keratin content was more in the lumen of non-lactating teat canal as compared with the lactating teat canal. This observation is in accordance with the findings of Ferdowsi et al. (2008) in cows. It was noted by Capuco et al. (1992) that in addition to the physical protection, keratin also protects the mammary gland from ascending infections caused by various microorganisms. Chemically, keratin contains cationic proteins, xanthine oxidase, and long-chain fatty acids which made the keratin as bactericidal or bacteriostatic in function and physically, keratin entraps the bacteria, preventing their entry into the mammary gland, resulting in providing a barrier to prevent occurrence of mastitis in ruminants. From the present study it can be concluded that Keratin present in the the teat canal gives the teat ability to prevent passage of bacterial pathogens from the external environment into the mammary gland. The present study even reveals usefulness of teat endoscopy as a diagnostic technique in dairy goats and to investigate the nature and prevalence of teat lesions. The theloscopy can be used for both diagnosis and monitoring of the surgical treatment (Querengasser et al., 1999). The comparative endoscopic and histological study would help in evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of the technique. This would even support hypotheses regarding pathogenesis and prognosis of teat lesions

Shilpa S. Modekar and Salvekar S.P. (2024). Histo-morphological and Endoscopic Study of Furstenberg’s Rosette in Teats Inlocal Breed of Goat. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(9): 144-147