Identification of Chromosomal and Chromatid-type Alterations in Oral Cancer Patients in Tamil Nadu, India

Author: M. Kavitha, D. Jayachandran, Harysh Winster Suresh Babu, Arul Narayanasamy and Balachandar Vellingiri

Journal Name:

Download PDF

Abstract

Oral based diseases were observed in nearly 3.5 billion people worldwide, according to the World Health Organisation. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the major oral based diseases in the Indian subcontinent. People who use chewing tobaccos and tobacco-based products are more susceptible to OSCC. The aim of the present study is to find out the chromosomal alterations in Oral cancer patients by using cytogenetic technique. Totally, 35 blood samples were collected from cancer Hospitals. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee board, VMSDC & Hospital. In the present study, we analysed the Chromosomal abnormalities by using trypsin G-Banding technique. We observed various chromosomal-type and Chromatid-type alterations in Oral Cancer patients with the chromosome locations of 2q, 3q, 21q and X using the GTG banding technique. We observed higher degree of Chromosomal abnormalities in OSCC samples compared to controls. From this we conclude that the CA in 2q, 3q and 21q shows highly significant for the clinical application of OSCC patients. Though the study method is technically sensitive, further molecular studies with large sample size would greatly aid in diagnostic support as well as oral cancer management. The chromosome and chromatid- type abnormalities found in OSCC patients showed the significance of its use in early diagnosis and disease management in OSCC with knowledge of its pathogenesis.

Keywords

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), Chromosomal abnormalities, trypsin G-Banding, Oncology

Conclusion

The chromosomal instability is hallmark of cancer and involved both in carcinogenesis and therapeutic response. They act as useful biomarkers and therapeutic target for novel and more effective cancer therapy. The CIN is also responsible for tumor evolution and act as a genomic source between the tumor and its microenvironment in the course of immune editing and evasion. The complex karyotype observed in OSCC might be due to the presence of genetic alterations associated with the development of immortal phenotype, together with spindle checkpoint and chromosome defects. The transformation of oral oncogenesis also includes promoter methylations and miRNA deregulations. Our study demonstrated higher degree of Chromosomal abnormalities in OSCC samples compared to controls. We conclude that the CA in 2q, 3q, and 21q shows highly significant for the clinical application of OSCC patients. Additional molecular studies are needed to confirm or elucidate these karyotype findings. Patients with OSCC are defined by unique genomic profiles that give rise to specific signatures based on this and similar precise genetic abnormalities, which may allow for personalized targeted treatment care. The association of CA with age, gender and risk habits substantiates the strongest association of tobacco in oral cancer progression. The incorporation of clinical findings, microscopic examination and molecular diagnostics will progress the ability to risk stratify people for the development of OSCC and change towards reducing the consequence of this aggressive disease.

References

-

How to cite this article

M. Kavitha, D. Jayachandran, Harysh Winster Suresh Babu, Arul Narayanasamy and Balachandar Vellingiri (2023). Identification of Chromosomal and Chromatid-type Alterations in Oral Cancer Patients in Tamil Nadu, India. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(4): 722-727.