Palladium Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: A Review Study

Author: Mohd Ikhlaq Mir, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Luan, Tahir Yaqoob, Rizwan Ahamad, Mohammad Shabab Mir and Rubiya Khazir

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Abstract

The Tandem or domino reaction popularly known as the Cascade reaction, are the chemical processes in which numerous bonds are composed in a way without confining intermediates, altering conditions, and without any add on reagents. The very purpose of cascade sequence includes high atom economy and maximum contraction in waste produced due to various chemical procedures, plus work period needed to conduct these processes. Their effectiveness is measured out in terms of how many bonds are constructed in the final course. The d-block metal's catalyzed cascade reactions are of particular attraction for the preparation of natural materials as well as in the analogy of a few significant leading structures for the advancement of bioactive materials and are employed for the synthesis of other compounds as well. Several remarkable d-block-Catalyzed cascades reactions were evolved and noted very recently that attracted synthetic chemists all over the world, especially because of their high efficiency and variety. Palladium was considered the most significant metal catalyst in the twentieth century for the transition metal-catalyzed organic transformations including the Heck reaction, Suzuki reaction, and cross-coupling reactions. In this work, we have done a literature review of palladium catalyzed cascade reactions.

Keywords

Cascade reactions, Synthesis, Pd-catalyzed, Domino-Tandem, Annulation, Suzuki Coupling, Cyclization, Heterocycles, Negishi cross-coupling

Conclusion

In this work, we have pondered and examined the advantages of Pd-catalyzed cascade reaction. We accumulated 100 research papers on Pd-catalyzed cascade reaction and then selected and studied the 30 most relevant of them. Among the many reported methodologies, the palladium-catalyzed synthesis stands out as the most efficient and straight-forward method for preparing heterocyclic compounds likes iso quinolinones. Conducting multiple reactions in a single vessel allows us to create complex molecules from readily available substrates with exceptional efficiency. This approach also reduces the need for additional reagents, separation processes, chemical waste, and overall cost. The products obtained from such cascade reactions hold various functional groups which can further be modified, providing flexibility for additional molecular manipulations. In recent years palladium-Catalyzed cascade has caught the attention of many organic chemists because of the versatile nature of Pd-catalyst and the high efficacy rate of cascade reaction is because of their atom economic nature. Here Pd-Catalyzed reaction is used for synthesizing various biologically active compounds like quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, bicyclic dihydrofuran, ethers, fused heterocycles, and many more pharmaceutical agents via tandem allylic substitution, heck coupling, Suzuki coupling, C-H bond, activation, carbonylation, aldol condensation, and multistep annulation.

References

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How to cite this article

Mohd Ikhlaq Mir, Nguyen Ngoc Thanh Luan, Tahir Yaqoob, Rizwan Ahamad, Mohammad Shabab Mir and Rubiya Khazir. (2023). Palladium Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: A Review Study. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(4): 893-905.