Pyrethroid Ramifications in the Haematological Status, Tissue Protein and Lipid Content of Anabus testudineus

Author: Wanaz Nasreen Islam

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Abstract

Pyrethroids are popular insecticides used in agricultural fields and households for pest control. They are gaining their popularity because they are fast acting and required in very low doses. Cypermethrine is one such modern pyrethroid pesticide, which is a potent source of water pollution. Fishes are very vulnerable to a wide variety of such toxicants in water and the poisonous effects of pesticides on fishes can be easily established. Being lipophilic, it is easily absorbed by the fish gills and reaches the circulation where it affects the biologically active molecules, viz., carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Studies on the impact of two sub-lethal concentrations (0.12ug/l and 0.24ug/l) of Cypermethrin on the total tissue protein and lipid content of muscle and liver as well as certain hematological parameters of a labyrinth fish, Anabus testudines were evaluated. By summarizing the results using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), it has been observed that the exposure decreased the total protein and lipid content significantly (p<0.05). Protein depletion was more in muscles than in the liver. In the case of hematology, RBC count and Hgb % decreased but contrastingly WBC count increased in both the pesticide-treated groups with increased time of exposure. Hence the study concludes that cypermethrine is highly pernicious to fish's physiological and biochemical conditions, even at low doses, although it is thought to be less harmful to birds and mammals directly. The most challenging part of the study was to unveil the fact that although cypermethrine is photodegradable and thought to be less toxic, but since it is seriously deleterious to fishes, it can be life-threatening to all the other carnivores that are connected to fishes in the food chain through biomagnifications. The present investigation contributes to a better understanding of the repercussions brought to animal society through the use of such hazardous synthetic pesticides.

Keywords

Biomolecules, Cypermethrine, Erythrocyte, Fish, Lymphocyte, Toxicity

Conclusion

Thus, the current investigation concludes that cypermethrine exposure has a strong potential to alter the hematology and biochemical constituents in various tissues of Anabus testudines. Proteins and lipids being vital biochemical constituents for growth and development are directly affected by subsequent exposure to cypermethrine. The toxicant caused hematological disturbance which could lead to impairment of the fish's ability to combat diseases, reducing its chances for survival and potential for growth and reproduction. These effects of Cypermethrine even at low doses are severe. It can be attributed to the excessive demands under toxic stress. Since fishes are a part of the food chain of many higher animals, further study to demonstrate the possible effect on higher animals including humans is required. In addition, more research on microbial degradation of pesticide need further attention. An in depth knowledge and understanding of the environmental and the ecological potential impacts of pyrethroid pesticides in soil is required (Braganca et al., 2016).

References

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How to cite this article

Wanaz Nasreen Islam (2023). Pyrethroid Ramifications in the Haematological Status, Tissue Protein and Lipid Content of Anabus testudineus. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5): 473-480.