Screening for Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fucoidan Isolated and Characterized from the Brown Seaweed Stoechospermum marginatum (C. Agardh) Kutzing Collected along the Coastline of Tamil Nadu

Author: Saravanan Muniyappan, Arul Balasubramanian, Kothai Ramalingam and Murali Govindan

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Abstract

The need for novel antibacterial biomolecules has been a focus for many years. The major challenge is the designing of synthetic molecular drug targets that are not prone to rapid resistance development. The current study is designed for the antibacterial screening efficacy of seaweed fucoidan. Fucoidan are sulfated polysaccharides derived from brown seaweeds with diversified pharmacological activities. The brown seaweed Stoechospermum marginatum is collected from the southern coastline of Tamil Nadu. The structural components of the extracted fucoidan from the seaweed were identified and confirmed by performing a specific test for the presence of total carbohydrate, L-fucose, and sulfate content using biochemical methods. HPLC and FTIR analysis confirmed the structural entity of fucoidan. It showed that the extracted fucoidan contains fucose and sulphate. Fucoidan were evaluated for their antibacterial capability against clinical pathogens. The antibacterial efficacy of fucoidan was performed against bacterial clinical pathogens using agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) methods. The maximum antibacterial activity of 18.14 ± 0.37 mm was derived for gram-negative Klebsiella pneumonia and the minimum activity was noticed as 10.6 ± 0.18 for gram-positive Streptococcus faecalis. Fucoidan are found to be effective against both strains of bacteria and found effective against gram-negative strains. The seaweed fucoidan can be utilized as a lead molecule for combating lethal bacterial diseases.

Keywords

Seaweeds, fucoidan, sulfated polysaccharides, fucose, antibacterial

Conclusion

Seaweed is found to be a rich and viable source of potent biomolecules. The present investigation on brown seaweed S. marginatum was subjected to acid extraction to isolate sulfated polysaccharides. The composition of fucoidan is further confirmed by the estimation of fucose and sulfate content. The isolated polysaccharides when analysed by TLC, HPLC and FTIR studies give solid evidence for the presence of fucoidan. Isolated fucoidan were screened for their antibacterial potential against gram-positive and gram-negative clinical pathogens. The antibacterial activity of fucoidan showed promising MIC and MIB. Fucoidan proven to be ideal lead molecules to cure various ailments; they can be utilized as a novel biomolecules for the cure of pathogenic bacterial diseases. Therefore, these results suggest that fucoidan will serve as herbal medicine with proven antimicrobial effects and may be useful for the treatment of pathogenic infections. The results obtained in the present study open up new possibilities for research on the use of this natural compound as a sustainable bioactive lead molecule. The future goal of the current study is to perform antimicrobial study on, pathogenic Virus, Fungus and protozoans, in addition to the entire bacterial pathogenic strains therefore, to eradicate clinical pathogens at the site of infection.

References

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How to cite this article

Saravanan Muniyappan, Arul Balasubramanian, Kothai Ramalingam and Murali Govindan (2023). Screening for Antimicrobial Efficacy of Fucoidan Isolated and Characterized from the Brown Seaweed Stoechospermum Marginatum (C. Agardh) Kutzing Collected along the Coastline of Tamil Nadu. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5): 832-839.