Screening of Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Phytochemical of Leaf, Stem and Root extracts of Annona squamosa L. against Pathogenic Bacteria

Author: Gama Mohan M. G. and K. R. Beula Rani

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Abstract

In India, Annona squamosa L. is commonly used as a traditional medicine to treat various illnesses. The antibacterial properties of extracts from Annona squamosa leaves, stems, and roots were investigated using two strains of gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two strains of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The antibacterial components were extracted sequentially using solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and an aqueous solution. The antimicrobial properties of the extracts were determined using the agar well diffusion method. It was found that the root extracts of A. squamosa exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to the leaf and stem extracts. Specifically, the chloroform extracts of A. squamosa roots were found to be effective against E. coli and B. subtilis. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of the leaf, stem, and root extracts of A. squamosa was also tested using the DPPH free radical scavenging method. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive summary of the chemical components present in the leaf, stem, and root extracts of A. squamosa, as well as the wide range of phytochemicals described in the study. Due to the increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant pathogens, these findings support the therapeutic applications of this plant in traditional medicine, enhancing its therapeutic value.

Keywords

Anti-bacterial, Annona squamosa, Agar well diffusion method, Traditional medicine

Conclusion

Traditional plants have long been recognized for their beneficial effects on human health, attributed to the presence of active phytochemical constituents. Based on the findings of the current study, it can be inferred that Annona squamosa is rich in antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical characteristics. The study evaluated the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and phytochemical properties of leaf, stem, and root extracts from multiple samples. The results indicated that certain solvents triggered activity in some extracts, while others did not. Specifically, chloroform root extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity, while methanolic root extracts showed high antioxidant properties. Additionally, most of the tested phytochemicals were found to be present in the root extracts. The primary focus of this study was to explore the potential use of A. squamosa extracts from leaves, stems, and roots as a source of antibacterial agents for the treatment of digestive diseases. The investigation demonstrated that A. squamosa roots possess strong antibacterial and antioxidant properties, along with various phytochemical constituents. This suggests that further research on A. squamosa, such as its potential antidiabetic action, may unveil additional beneficial properties and mechanisms.

References

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How to cite this article

Gama Mohan M. G. and K. R. Beula Rani (2023). Screening of antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical of leaf, stem and root extracts of Annona squamosa L. against pathogenic bacteria. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5): 960-969.