Physiological Stress in Agricultural Crops: An Overview

Author: Yaman and Prasann Kumar

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Abstract

Plants face a lot of stress during their growth period, which affects their physiology and disrupts their homeostasis. Stress in crop plants can be defined as any change in the external environment that has a very negative impact on crop growth and development. Plant stress can be divided into two main categories, such as abiotic stress and biotic stress. These two stresses limit the sustainability of agricultural production because they adversely affect all plant metabolic activities. Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heavy metal stress, flooding, low and high-temperature stress, etc. reduce crop quality and productivity. Biotic stress, on the other hand, includes diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes. The plant’s response to these stresses is a very complex process. Some plants have the potential to withstand physiological stress due to their morphological, physiological and biochemical activities. However, most plants do not tolerate these stresses be

Keywords

Abiotic, Biotic, Climate, Drought, Environment, Flooding, Homeostasis, Resistance, Salinity, Temperature

Conclusion

Due to an increase in the world population, there is a greater need to produce a high amount of food grains to sustain food security. During the plant growth period, it faces several stresses, which reduces its growth and development. There are two types of stresses such as biotic stress and abiotic stress. Both have the potential to cause a huge reduction in crop yield and crop quality. All the physiological and biochemical activities of the plants severely affected. Abiotic stress like drought stress, flooding, heavy metal stress and temperature stress (low and high temperature). A prolonged period without rain leads to drought or water stress. Due to the water deficiency, plant also fails to uptake the nutrients because there is a disturbance in the transpiration process. The drought stress inside the phospholipid bilayer leads to the protein displacement in the cell membrane. Soil salinity causes two main effects on plants such as osmotic stress and ionic toxicity. Osmotic pressure

References

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How to cite this article

Yaman and Kumar, P. (2021). Physiological Stress in Agricultural Crops: An Overview. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 13(1): 277-292.