An Overview of the Various Methods for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Controlling of Trypanosomiasis in Domestic, Pet, and Wild Animals

Author: Neeraj Kumar, M.K. Verma*, Javid Ur Rahman, Anand Kumar Singh, Sachin Patidar and Jayshree Jakhar

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Abstract

Trypanosomiasis is an infectious haemoprotozoan disease that affects various domestic, pet, and wild animals with the most common clinical manifestations being intermittent fever, wasting, anaemia, oedema of dependent parts, nervous symptoms, and occasionally abortion. The disease is transmitted (biologically or mechanically) through the biting of flies. Microscopic examination, Micro-haematocrit centrifugation technique, animal inoculation, DNA detection by PCR, CFT, and ELISA are some of the diagnostic procedures available, ranging from traditional to molecular. In this review, we will cover the impact of trypanosomiasis on domestic, pet and wild animals, as well as transmission, pathogenesis, control, and prevention. In addition, the paper provides an update on the impact of trypanosomosis on erythrocyte homeostasis and infection-associated anemia.

Keywords

Trypanosomiasis, T. evensi, etiology, host range and susceptibility, prevalence, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and control

Conclusion

Surra is present all over the world. Due to the suitable environment, it enhances mobility and prolificacy of vector population. It is still unclear how T. evansi expressed a surprising and spectacular ability to develop in an extensive range of hosts leading to a no less spectacular, potentially unlimited, geographical distribution. Pathogenicity of trypanosome is still unclear what is the exact mechanism of anaemia due to trypanosomiasis, its need further research. In India, surra is a major disease of camel, buffalo, horse and dogs. On cattle population, more attention is necessary to surra as it may cause severe economic loss. The incidence of surra in cattle and buffaloes in India has been underestimated because the infection is usually subclinical in them usually and buffaloes may act as reservoirs. Vector control is also a challenging task in India. Vector files can be controlled by an effective and economic insecticide. This field also requires some research to find an alternat

References

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How to cite this article

Kumar, N., Verma, M.K., Rahman, J.U., Singh, A.K., Patidar, S. and Jakhar, J. (2021). An Overview of the Various Methods for Diagnosis, Treatment, and Controlling of Trypanosomiasis in Domestic, Pet, and Wild Animals. Biological Forum – An International