Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance among Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes at both Genotypic and Phenotypic Levels

Author: G.R. Naga Vinayaka, Vilas D. Gasti, K.H. Yashavanthkumar, N. Thammaiah, M.H. Tatagar and Vijayakumar Rathod

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Abstract

Peas is one of the important leguminous vegetables in India which has wide variability in different parameters with varied yields. The experiment was carried out at AICRP (Vegetable crops) research block, Kumbapur farm, Dharwad during 2020-21. The experimental material comprised of 38 genotypes which was laid out in Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The observations were recorded on various growth, yield and quality parameters. The analysis of variance revealed that for all the characters investigated, there were significant differences among the genotypes and these germplasms had a higher degree of variability which indicates the presence of wide range of variability in the genotypes. A higher magnitude of PCV was observed than a corresponding GCV for all the characters, indicates that the genetic variation was not limited to genotypic effect alone but also affected by environmental factors. High GCV and PCV (> 20 %) values were observed for number of branches per plant, number of leaves, days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first pod picking and pod yield per plant (35.53 % PCV and 34.83 % GCV) which indicates the existence of broad genetic base. High heritability estimates coupled with a high GAM and high GCV and PCV values were observed for the traits such as number of branches per plant, pod yield per plant. This suggests that genetic improvement for these traits is possible by selecting germplasm that shows additive gene action. High heritability and GAM were detected for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves, days to first flowering, average weight of green pod, shelling percentage, protein content in seeds, pod yield per plant (96.11 % h2 and 70.35 % GAM), pod yield per plot and pod yield per hectare. This suggests that genotypic and phenotypic improvement for these traits would be possible by selection that shows additive gene action.

Keywords

Garden pea, Leguminaceae (Fabaceae), Coefficient of variation, Heritability(h2), Genetic advance over per cent mean (GAM)

Conclusion

The analysis of variance revealed that for all the characters investigated, there were significant differences among the genotypes and these germplasms had a higher degree of variability. High (>20 %) GCV and PCV were observed for number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, pod yield per plant, days taken for 50 per cent of flowering, days to first pod picking and days taken for first flowering. These findings indicate the existence of broad genetic base which helps in further crop improvement programme. Moderate (10-20 %) GCV and PCV were observed for plant height, average weight of green pod, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, shelling percentage and protein content in green seeds. Hence, there is moderate variability in these characters. Low estimates of (0-10 %) GCV and PCV were observed for pod width and TSS. The narrow genetic base leads to divergent genotypes to recover transgressive segregants. A high estimate of heritability (>60 %) was obtained for all the parameters of the garden pea genotypes. While none of the characters were shown moderate (30-60 %) to low (<30) heritability. Very high estimate of heritability with high GAM were detected for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of leaves per plant, days to first flowering, days to 50 per cent flowering, days to first pod picking, average pod weight, pod yield per plant, shelling percentage and protein content in seeds. Direct selection would be more effective for these characters because they are dominated by additive components. High estimates of heritability coupled with moderate values of GAM (20 %) were noticed for pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod and TSS. It indicates that there is little response to selection for this trait due to the prevalence of non-additive components. While none of the traits were shown low GAM.

References

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How to cite this article

G.R. Naga Vinayaka, Vilas D. Gasti, K.H. Yashavanthkumar, N. Thammaiah, M.H. Tatagar and Vijayakumar Rathod (2022). Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance among Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes at both Genotypic and Phenotypic Levels. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(4): 572-578.