Cytochrome P4501A Detection and Quantification in Relation to different Water quality Parameters of Lake Wular of India

Author: Saima Andleeb, Irfan Ahmad, Asim Iqbal Bazaz and Oyas Asimi

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Abstract

Cytochromes P450 (CYP450) enzyme family is a prominent enzyme family that primarily functions in the first phase of xenobiotic detoxification in aquatic species. Stimulation of hepatic CYP1A in fish by specific classes of pollutants serves as an early warning system and the "most sensitive biological response" for determining the levels of environmental contamination. This has impacts on human fish intake as well as the health of aquatic organism. Relationship between Cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) detected in Carassius carassius and water quality parameters like ammonical nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, water temperature of the Wular lake was evaluated. The samples (fishes and water sample) were taken on a monthly basis from the three separate locations of the lake viz., Kulhama, Laherwalpora and Ashtung. Control group was also set up. CYP1A concentration in fishes was detected using Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbant Assay (ELISA). Using one way analysis of variance, P < 0.05 was obtained which indicated that there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in CYP1A levels among the 4 sampling sites viz., Kulhama, Laherwalpora, Ashtung and control group. CYP1A showed significant +ve correlation with ammonical nitrogen (r= 0.872, P< 0.01); orthophosphate (r= 0.856, P< 0.01) as well as with pH ((r= 0.690, P< 0.01). However significant -ve correlation was obtained between CYP1A and dissolved oxygen (r= -0.418, P< 0.01); CYP1A and water temperature (r= - 0.650, P< 0.01). Although there haven't been many studies on the relationships between cytochrome P4501A and water quality, this study discusses how these enzymes (bioindicators) are related to water quality parameters, serving as biomarkers of pollution.

Keywords

Wular lake, CYP1A, Ammonical nitrogen, Orthophosphate, Dissolved oxygen

Conclusion

The need to identify and assess the implications of pollution, often small concentrations of increasingly complicated mixtures, prompted the development of molecular markers or biomarkers. Utilizing monitoring programmes, it is possible to assess the rates of environmental deterioration and risk associated with it. Because of its sensitivity to extremely low concentrations of pollutants that may otherwise not be identified by any other lab procedure, cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) have been demonstrated to be the best susceptible biomarker for water contamination detection till date. The present study thus demonstrated the relationship of CYP1A with various water parameters. It was found that CYP1A showed significant positive relation with ammonical nitrogen, orthophosphate and pH. While as, significant negative relationship was obtained between CYP1A, dissolved oxygen and water temperature. In eutrophic environments, fish at the top of the food chain and top consumers are prone to accumulate contaminants from their surroundings, and the resulting high CYP levels may be utilized as a possible signal of stress in fish.

References

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How to cite this article

Saima Andleeb, Irfan Ahmad, Asim Iqbal Bazaz and Oyas Asimi (2022). Cytochrome P4501A Detection and Quantification in Relation to different Water quality Parameters of Lake Wular of India. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(4): 866-875.