A Review of Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of drought Tolerance in Rice

Author: Sandeep Kumar Singh, Deepti Srivastava, Sujit KumarYadav, Faria Fatima and Kawaljeet Kaur

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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major food crop which is widely consumed throughout the world, it consumes alarge amount of water during its life cycle. Regarding global climate change, it is turning into a more significant concern. One of the most severe restrictions in rice production is drought situation. In this situation rice is impeded in a number of ways, including decreased germination, plant height, biomass, tiller count, and another leaf and root traits, reduced photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, relative water content, chlorophyll content, photosystem II activity, membrane stability, carbon isotope discrimination, and abscisic acid content, as well as biochemical (accumulation of osmoprotectants like proline, sugars, polyamines, and antioxidants) and molecular (altered expression of genes encoding transcription factors and defence related proteins) levels, due to drought stress condition. Rice production is severely limited by drought stress, which causes significant monetary losses. It has become imperative to improve crop productivity on the drought-prone rainfed areas with a priority in light of the current and projected world food demand. The extensive aspect of breeding for drought-tolerant rice varieties makes it a challenging endeavour, and multigenic manipulation of drought-tolerant features would be a significant bottleneck for the ongoing study. There is a need for rice varieties with drought resistance and genetic advancement for rainfed areas in order to fulfil the production target and future research should prioritise topics that are drought tolerant. We focused on the most recent developments in rice's physiological, biochemical, and molecular adaptation to drought tolerance in this review. The future crop improvement programme for the production of drought-tolerant rice varieties will be the topic of a brief discussion on the molecular genetics and breeding methodologies for rice drought tolerance. In this review, we specifically focused on the most recent developments in rice's physiological, biochemical, and molecular adaptation to drought tolerance. For the purposes of the upcoming crop improvement programme for the creation of drought-tolerant rice varieties, a brief discussion on the molecular genetics and breeding methods for drought tolerance in rice will be made.

Keywords

Drought stress; yield attribute; morphological characteristic; physiological characteristic; biochemical characteristic

Conclusion

Drought stress affects the growth, dry mater, yield and its associated traits in rice plant but the morphological traits viz., deep root system, cuticular wax, stomatal activity, leaf rolling character, high tissue water potential, membrane stability, rapid recovering ability after water stress has been implicated in the improvement of drought tolerance cultivar. In addition to these factors, changes in photosynthetic pigments, production of biochemical are also importance to drought tolerance. Thus, these morphological and biochemical characters may be considered during the development of drought tolerance varieties. The process of developing drought tolerance in rice is challenging and calls for careful consideration of the numerous morphological, biochemical, and molecular and physiological characteristics. Understanding the correlation between drought tolerance, seed set, yield, yield components and grain quality measures should have taken for substantial influence on grain improvement. Also, it may be possible to prevent the irreversible effects of drought stress on the yield and grain quality by selecting suitable cultivar or seed priming by Glycinebetaine. The simplified information from in this review will make it easier to do follow-up research to better understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of drought tolerance in rice and develop to new that are drought resistant and high-yielding.

References

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How to cite this article

Sandeep Kumar Singh, Deepti Srivastava, Sujit Kumar Yadav, Faria Fatima and Kawaljeet Kaur (2022). A Review of Physiological and Biochemical Aspects of drought Tolerance in Rice. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 14(4): 1245-1253.