Plant Cell Elicitation for Secondary Metabolite Production

Author: Jaswant Rai, Pinky Mandal, Ankita Gupta, Ankita Mishra, Mohammad Jibrail and Vijay Kumar

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Abstract

Plants, an irresistible resource that is necessary for the survival of all living things. Plants act as a biological chemical factory and repository for the production of variable secondary metabolites which are produced through secondary metabolic pathways using their enzyme complexes. These secondary products have pharmacological activity and used to make medicines and other commercially valuable products like beverages confectionaries, dyes, and taste enhancers, etc. one such medicinal plant that has these values and uses is Hemidesmus indicus. The roots of the Hemidesmus plant are demulcent, alterative, diaphoretic, diuretic, and act as a blood purifier. Hemidesmus indicus has also been used in the medicinal field in ancient times in India. The roots of Hemidesmus indicus are very useful in diagnosing the diseases such as Diabetes and urinary diseases. Apart from Diabetes and urinary disorders, the roots of Hemidesmus indicus are also useful in the treatment of neural as well as cardiac disorders. Nowadays, secondary metabolite are isolated from cultivated plants, because their chemical production is either very difficult process or expensive. The precise mechanism by which elicitation increases secondary metabolism in plants or plant cells in vitro is not fully understood, despite the fact that elicitation does increase secondary metabolism in plants. This opens the door for extensive research to be conducted in the field of biosciences regarding the utilization of plant cells for the production of secondary metabolites.

Keywords

Elicitation, Secondary Metabolites, Biotic Elicitors, Abiotic Elicitors

Conclusion

Metabolites are substances that are produced by the body (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids), Higher plants can also generate a large range of low-energy compounds. Secondary metabolites are molecular weight molecules. Secondary metabolites are chemicals found in plants that do not play a recognized role in the upkeep of basic life processes in the plants that produce them, they do, however, play a vital part in the relationship of the species, plant, and its surroundings The manufacturing of these Compounds are frequently low in concentration (less than 1% dry weight) and are dependent on the physiological and developmental stage of the animal has a big impact of cultivate. Colchicines, catharanthus alkaloids, belladonna alkaloids steroids such as phytostigminine, pilocarpine, and reserpine, as well as phytostigminine, pilocarpine, and reserpine diosgenin, digoxin, and digitoxin are all types of diosgenin. An elicitor is a chemical that, when administered to a live cell system at minute quantities, begins or enhances the manufacture of certain molecules. Elicitation is the process of inducing or enhancing metabolite production by adding tiny quantities of elicitors, in medicinal plants, biotic elicitors have been used to boost secondary metabolite production, Secondary pharmaceutical products such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, volatile oils, tannins, and resins are produced. Secondary metabolites could be chemical compounds such as polysaccharides elicitor, yeast elicitors, fungal elicitors, and bacterial elicitors. Some physical abiotic elicitors also effects on secondary metabolites such as, UV rays, temperature, salinity exposure and drought stress. Elicitation has high role in applications of biotechnology as well, Plant elicitors are highly effective from biotechnological point of view as it has led to the growth and the production in the new and desired variety of the product of plant. Elicitors had acted as a boon in the field of biotechnology. Elicitation is the most effective techniques for improving the biotechnological production of secondary metabolites. They stimulate any type of plant defense and promoting secondary metabolism to protect the whole cell part. Salts like AgNO3, AlCl3, CaCl2, CdCl2 they can elicit the PSM production and a variety of plant culture such as cell suspensions, hairy roots, and adventitious roots.

References

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How to cite this article

Jaswant Rai, Pinky Mandal, Ankita Gupta, Ankita Mishra, Mohammad Jibrail and Vijay Kumar (2023). Plant Cell Elicitation for Secondary Metabolite Production. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(1): 396-404.