Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of MDR Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from various Sources in Maharashtra State

Author: Rahul Prabhu Gaikwad, Madhuri A. Channawar, Deepak S. Mohale, Nitin I. Kochar and Anil V. Chandewar

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Abstract

Salmonella infections are still a paramount public health concern around the world. Humans can become infected with Salmonella by being exposed to it directly or indirectly through poultry meat, water, or soil. Even after having antibiotics to conquer it, multidrug resistance which makes it difficult to employ the treatments that are accessible. Hence, a comprehensive policy framework and integrative approach are needed for the prevention, control, and eradication of multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. The main goal of this study was to determine the ubiquity of multidrug resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from Maharashtra state. This study will define source and nature of development multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium. This in vitro study was carried out at bacteriology laboratory of PWCOP in New Yavatmal. Samples were collected from various sources in the five regions of Maharashtra State. Various morphological, biochemical, cultural, and molecular approaches were used to obtain and confirm Salmonella typhimurium isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Salmonella typhimurium isolates was carried out using disk diffusion method. Total 300 samples were collected out of which 69 (23%) were positive for Salmonella spp. In addition, 48 (69.56 percent) of the 69 Salmonella spp. isolates tested positive for Salmonella typhimurium. The prevalence rate for Salmonella typhimurium in the samples from the three sources was Chicken meat: 27 (56.25%), roadside water: 15 (31.25%), and forroadside Soil: 6 (12.5%). Likewise prevalence of Salmonella typhimurium was found as Yavatmal: 9(18.75%), Parbhani: 7 (14.58%), Mumbai: 14 (29.16%) Ahmednagar: 7 (14.58%) and Pune were 11 (22.91%). Of total isolates studied (29.16%) were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). Out of 14 MDR Salmonella typhimurium isolates examined, 12 (85.71%) had the most resistance to Chloramphenicol, 9 (64.28%) had the higher side resistance to Amoxicillin, and the lower resistance to Nalidixic acid. Further molecular confirmation of these MDR Salmonella typhimurium isolates was done with 16s rRNA gene amplification with universal primers. A total of 14 PCR showed the presence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaSHV and blaOXA, gene was determined in confirmed isolates. The presence of multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium isolates revealed that unclean chicken meat contaminated water and soil posed a significant risk of human infection. The current study shows that MDR Salmonella typhimurium is common in Maharashtra, and it is recommended that antibiotics be used ethically and appropriately.

Keywords

Salmonella typhimurium, Multidrug resistance, Prevalence, chicken meat, Molecular characterization

Conclusion

The presence of multidrug resistance in Salmonella typhimurium isolates suggested that there is noticeable risk of infections to humans from unhygienic chicken meat also from roadside contaminated water and soil. From the present study it is clear that occurrence of MDR Salmonella typhimurium are high in the Maharashtra region and suggested to use the antibiotics ethically and appropriately.

References

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How to cite this article

Rahul Prabhu Gaikwad, Madhuri A. Channawar, Deepak S. Mohale, Nitin I. Kochar and Anil V. Chandewar (2023). Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of MDR Salmonella typhimurium Isolated From various Sources in Maharashtra State. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(2): 66-72.