Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antiviral Potential of Euphorbia milii

Author: U. Tiwari, Rashmi Parihar and Sumit Kumar Dubey

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Abstract

Euphorbia milii has been widely known as a remedy for skin infections, warts, cancer cells, hepatic disorders, fungal infections, nociceptive conditions, and viral infections. The secondary metabolites viz., alkaloids, anthraquinone, anthocyanin, betacyanin, glycosides, flavonoids, phlobatannins, saponin, steroids, tannins, terpenoids, reducing sugars, and amino acids were examined. The maximum efficacy of phytoconstituents extraction was noted with ethanol (91.66 %). The hot water exhibited maximum free radical scavenging activity (IC50) of 6.12 µg/ml. The percentage scavenging activity (PSA) of hot water extract was calculated at 74.37%. The number of plaques in the titer plate was used as a measure of the antiviral strength of E. milii extracts. The ethanol extract of E. milii exhibited 22 plaques in the titer plate which showed maximum antiviral strength among tested solvent extracts of E. milii. Cyclobarbital was screened from the literature as a major bioactive constituent of E. milii. Later, the ZINC and Swiss-ADME profile of cyclobarbital was assessed and it showed acceptable druggability. The present course of investigation represented notable medicinal applications of E. milii extract as an antiviral agent that would further be extended to molecular characterization and in silico antiviral action modeling to get depth insight. The major challenge associated with the antiviral potential of bioactive agents is to cope with a viral mutation that is directly linked with target protein or receptor molecules. Hence consistent research and development of drug modification are required to remediate target-based bioactive agents.

Keywords

Euphorbia milii, secondary metabolite, phytoconstituents, scavenging activity, antiviral and medicinal application

Conclusion

E. milii has rich medicinal properties that could potentially be used for Ayurvedic preparations. The current research investigation revealed that the ethanol extract of E. milii has rich phytochemical diversity and antiviral efficacy while the water extract of E. milii has significant antioxidant potential. The depth of molecular characterization and in silico pharmaceutical modeling of E. milii could help to explore its antiviral potential. The future scope of the existing research would further be the characterization of bioactive agents of E. milii using advanced biotechnological tools and in silico studies for diverse medicinal applications.

References

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How to cite this article

U. Tiwari, Rashmi Parihar and Sumit Kumar Dubey (2023). Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antiviral Potential of Euphorbia milii. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(2): 123-129.