Effect of Seasonal and Altitude Variations in the Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Antioxidant’s Concentration in Mangifera indica L. (var. kottukonam)

Author: Shalaj Rasheed, Raveendran P.B. and Lubaina Abdulhadeef Shereefa

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Abstract

Reactive oxygen species produced as by-product of aerobic metabolism are toxic but plays an important signaling role in plants and controlling the processes like growth and development. Their production are regulated by various biotic and abiotic stresses. Free radicals like Superoxides (O.-2), Hydroxyl radicals (OH.) and non-radicals such as Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) and Singlet Oxygen (1O2) are the common ROS which make serious oxidative damages to cells. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), a member of Anacardiaceae is perhaps the most sweetest and nutritious fruit yielding tropical tree. Kottukonan is one of the varieties over 1500 varieties of Mangifera indica L. found globally and are commonly cultivated in the southern parts of Kerala state of India especially in Thiruvananthapuram and Kollam districts was the study material. The leaf samples of kottukonam have been collected from three altitudes in four seasons. The major challenge of the study was to learn the dominant machineries in mango tree to alleviate the serious effects generated by ROS in relation with seasonal and altitude variations. The study revealed that changing the concentration of enzymatic (Ascorbate Peroxidase, Catalase, Glutathione Reductase, Guaiacol Peroxidase, Mono Dehydro Ascorbate Reductase, Dehydro Ascorbate Reductase, NADPH Oxidase and Super Oxide Dismutase) and non-enzymatic (Proline, Ascorbic acid and Reduced Glutathione) antioxidants with respect to the fluctuation in the concentration of ROS is the considerable mechanism to reduce the significant damages by them in cells. The concentration of ROS, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant composition is higher in pre-reproductive winter and reproductive summer seasons. The coastal area samples showed more concentration of such antioxidants and ROS due to an additional environmental stress, high salinity. Results indicated that the flowering and fruiting is also the upshot of higher production of many antioxidants along with other hormonal changes in relation with high intensity of major abiotic stresses in Mangifera indica L. (var. kottukonam). High antioxidant property of mango fruits is the reflection of such abiotic stresses in winter and summer seasons.

Keywords

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidant compounds, Mangifera indica, Kottukonam, abiotic and biotic stresses

Conclusion

In relation with seasonal and altitude variationsn on enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants were produced in Mangifera indica L. (var. kottukonam). The environmental stresses like drought, high temperature, high salinity, high oxygen concentration and high light intensity leads to the over production of various ROS especially Hydrogen peroxide and Superoxide anions, and the plant defeated these injuries by the extra production of certain non enzymatic antioxidant compounds such as Proline, Ascorbic acid and Reduced Glutathione, and antioxidant enzymes such as Ascorbate Peroxidase, Catalase, Glutathione Reductase, Mono DehydroAscorbate Reductase, Dehydro Ascorbate Reductase, Guaiacol Peroxidase, NADPH Oxidase and Superoxide Dismutase. The quantity of these antioxidants varied in relation with the production of ROS which in turn related with the intensity and type of stresses faced by the plant in a specific season and altitude. The present result concludes that these antioxidant machinery seems to be sufficient in Mangifera indica L. (var. kottukonam) to fight against various environmental stresses.

References

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How to cite this article

Shalaj Rasheed, Raveendran P.B. and Lubaina Abdulhadeef Shereefa (2023). Effect of Seasonal and Altitude Variations in the Reactive Oxygen Species Production and Antioxidant’s Concentration in Mangifera indica L. (var. kottukonam). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(2): 177-184.