Study of Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Late Sown conditions

Author: Madhu Choudhary, H. Singh, D. Gupta and Madhu Yadav

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Abstract

The study was executed during rabi 2019-20 at Agricultural Research Farm of RARI Durgapura, Jaipur (Rajasthan) to study of the heterosis, heterobeltiosis, inbreeding depression. The ten parents along with their 45 F1’s and 45 F2’s, were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications in two environments created by two dates of sowing i.e. normal sown (10th November) and late sown (25th December). In this study, the significant and high heterosis and heterobeltiosis range has been evaluated for all the characters in both the environments.The crosses that revealed high heterosis for grain yield DPW 621-50 × UP 2425 (67.82%), DPW 621-50 x Raj 4037 (57.27%) and DPW 621-50 x Raj 3765 (55.96%) under E1 whereas, crosses viz., DPW 621-50 x Raj 4037 (77.23%), DBW 90 x Raj 4037 (64.24%) and DPW 621-50 x PBW 550 (61.16%) under E2. Though, heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant DPW 621-50 x UP 2425 (43.65%), Raj 3765 x Raj 4079 (39.01%) and Raj 4037 x Raj 4079 (38.98%) under E1 whereas, Raj 4037 x Raj 4079 (41.34%), Raj 4037 x Raj 3765 (40.79%) and Raj 3765 x Raj 4079 (37.17%) under E2. ¬The cross DPW 621-50 x Raj 4037 in both environments exhibited desirable heterosis for yield and its attributing traits, respectively. The crosses Raj 4037 x Raj 4079 in E1 while, Raj 4037 x Raj 4079 and Raj 4037 x Raj 3765 in E2 showed desirable heterobeltiosis for yield and its associated traits. Consequent changes in climatic conditions and irregular increasing temperature adversely affects the plant growth and development that causes terrible loss of wheat productivity. The deleterious effects of climate change on wheat production are challenging the food security of the world population. Therefore, to moderate unfavourable effect on wheat of heat stress it is required to develop such varieties that can more succeed in changing climatic conditions of India and specially to Rajasthan. The knowledge of genetic architecture and mode of inheritance of different traits helps breeder to select suitable breeding programme for the development of heat stress tolerant varieties.

Keywords

Heterosis, Yield, Traits, Normal sown, late sown

Conclusion

The crosses DPW 621-50 x Raj 4037 under both environments exhibited desirable heterosis for all yield attributing traits, respectively. The crosses Raj 4037 x Raj 4079 under E1 and Raj 4037 x Raj 4079 and Raj 4037 x Raj 3765 under E2 showed desirable heterobeltiosis for all yield contributing traits. Future scope of the study is a comparative analysis of the heterotic crosses on the basis of grain yield in each environment, exhibited that the expression of significant heterosis and heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant depended on other yield contributing traits. The heterosis is direct relevant for developing hybrids in cross-pollinated crops, but it also has importance in self-pollinated crops. In wheat crop, F1’s had higher frequency of productive derivatives in F2 and advance generations. Therefore, estimation of the heterosis along with combining ability should be helpful for selection of parents with good general combining ability and in the selection of crosses through desirable transgressive segregants.

References

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How to cite this article

Madhu Choudhary¬, H. Singh, D. Gupta and Madhu Yadav (2023). Study of Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Normal and Late Sown conditions. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(2): 874-879.