Identification of High Yielding Water Use Efficient F6 and F7 Families Derived from the Cross of GKVK-16 × KCG-2 in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Author: R. Padmashree, J. Shanthala, M. Honnappa , D.L. Savithramma, R. Sanjeevkumar, E. Gangappa and A.G. Shankar

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Abstract

Yield is a complex trait, governed by many traits and there is ample evidence to show that selection directly for grain yield in plants is not easy. However, groundnut frequently experiences drought stresses for various durations and intensities. Yield losses attributable to drought are highly variable depending on timing, intensity and duration in addition to other location-specific environmental stress factors like high irradiation and temperature. Losses in yield that are due to water stress can be tackled partially by developing varieties that are better adapted to water scares conditions with yield advantage. With this background an experiment was conducted to understand the genetic potential, heritability, genetic advance and traits association of yield contributing characters for F6 and F7 families derived from the cross GKVK-16 × KCG-2 at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore in an augmented block design along with three checks viz., TMV-2, KCG-6 and KCG-2 during summer and Kharif 2016. Results from analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that highly significant differences were observed for all the characters studied. High genetic variability was observed for major yield contributing characters like the number of pods per plant (g), pod yield (g), kernel yield per plant (g), SMK% (sound mature kernel per cent), SCMR (SPAD chlorophyll meter reading) and SLA (specific leaf area) (cm2/g). Narrow difference between GCV (genotypic coefficient of variation) and PCV (phenotypic coefficient of variation) was observed for pods per plant, pod yield, SCMR and SLA and high heritability coupled with moderate genetic advance per cent mean was recorded for pod yield, SCMR and SLA indicating the involvement of additive gene action in controlling these traits. Among 84 families studied 14 families have been selected based on high SCMR values, low SLA, more number of pods per plant, high shelling% and high pod yield over parents and checks were identified to be the important characters that could be used in selection for yield and the selected families will be tested further in multi rows for yield stabilization.

Keywords

GCV, PCV, Heritability, GAM, water use efficiency, Groundnut.

Conclusion

Analysis of variance for all the characters studied in both F6 and F7 generations revealed highly significant differences among the families suggesting the presence of sufficient amount of variability. Further, genetic variability estimates such as PCV and GCV coupled with high heritability and genetic advance as per cent mean for kernel yield per plant, pod yield per plant and sound mature kernel percentage, SLA indicating the presence of sufficient variability and involvement of additive gene action in both F6 and F7 generations for these traits. Days to first flowering SCMR exhibited lower PCV and GCV estimates and thus indicating less variation for this trait. Phenotypic correlation coefficient depicted significant positive association of SCMR, pods per plant and kernel yield per plant with pod yield per plant. SLA exhibited significant negative association with pod yield per plant and SCMR. Therefore, superior genotypes for high yield and water use efficiency were selected depending on the relationship between SLA, SCMR and pod yield. From the overall study fourteen superior families from cross GKVK-16×KCG-2 were selected from F7 generation for multi-location evaluation.

References

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How to cite this article

R. Padmashree, J. Shanthala, M. Honnappa , D.L. Savithramma, R. Sanjeevkumar, E. Gangappa and A.G. Shankar (2023). Identification of High Yielding Water Use Efficient F6 and F7 Families Derived from the Cross of GKVK-16 × KCG-2 in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(3): 95-101.