Hormonal and Molecular Mechanism of Phosphorous Use Efficiency in Crop Improvement

Author: Padmashree R., Honnappa M. and Umesh Babu B.S.

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Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for all living organisms. In plants, P plays basic biological functions as a structural element in nucleic acids and phospholipids, in energy metabolism and in the regulation of enzymes. P deficiency in soils is a major limiting factor for crop growth and deficiencyis widely spread inthe countries like, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal, Pakistan, South China, and Vietnam. The increasing demand for agricultural production poses a global challenge to improve the phosphorous use efficiency (PUE) in plants due to its low availability in a large proportion of arable lands. Phosphorus efficiency has been defined as the processes by which plants acquire, translocate, accumulate, and utilize this nutrient to better produce dry matter and/or grain under conditions of high and low supply. Food production requires application of fertilizers containing phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium on agricultural fields in order to sustain crop yields. However modern agriculture is dependent on phosphorus derived from phosphate rock, which is a non-renewable resource and current global reserves may be depleted in 50–100 years. While phosphorus demand is projected to increase, the expected global peak in phosphorus production is predicted to occur around 2030. Hence the present review is aim to understand the mechanism of PUE in relation with response of hormonal signal and molecular level. Application of this knowledge, in terms of developing crop plants having enhanced attributes for P use efficiency, along with agricultural sustainability in the face of diminishing global P supplies.

Keywords

PUE, Hormones, Crop improvement, signaling mechanism, molecular mechanism

Conclusion

P as an essential plant macronutrient, the low availability of phosphorus (P) in most soils imposes serious limitation on crop production. Plants have evolved complex responsive and adaptive mechanisms for acquisition, remobilization and recycling of phosphate (Pi) to maintain P homeostasis. Spatio‐temporal molecular, physiological, and biochemical Pi deficiency responses developed by plants are the consequence of local and systemic sensing and signaling pathways. Pi deficiency is sensed locally by the root system where hormones serve as important signaling components in terms of developmental reprogramming, leading to changes in root system architecture.

References

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How to cite this article

Padmashree R., Honnappa, M. and Umesh Babu B.S. (2023). Hormonal and Molecular Mechanism of Phosphorous Use Efficiency in Crop Improvement. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(2): 1276-1280.