Cyto-genotoxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus Plant Extract on Allium cepa Plant Assay

Author: Akanksha Singh, Shalani Gupta, Rakesh Singh Sengar and Sachin Chauhan

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Abstract

Parthenium hysterophorous also known as congress grass a well-known weed in farmer’s field which caused harm to crops as well as health of farmers. Therefore, current research paper deals with the assessment of Parthenium hysterophorus plant extract on Allium cepa plant assay for their evaluation of cyto-genotoxicity potential. The effect of Parthenium plant extract was studied on meristematic root tips of A. cepa to determine the cytotoxicity in onion root tips. Root tips of onion were treated with a series of concentrations viz. 2.5 %, 5.0 % and 7.5 % for 24 and 48 hours. Acetocarmine staining was done to visualize the mitotic stages. Extract effect on the relative durations and concentrations of each mitotic stage as compared with control treatments. Mitotic index was decreased significantly with increasing concentration of Parthenium extract but as the duration of exposure of extract was increased the MI% decreased in comparison to control. The RDR (Relative Division Rate) considerably became more negative and RAR (Relative Abnormality Rate) was increased along with increasing doses of Parthenium extract. But RDR was more negative with 24 hours of treatment where RAR increased with prolonged treatment. Increment in the negative value of RDR was directly proportional to the severity of the mitotic inhibition. Several chromosomal aberrations were recorded i.e., early prophase, sticky metaphase, C metaphase, disturbed metaphase and anaphase, forward metaphase anaphase and telophase chromosomes, laggards in anaphase and telophase, bridges at anaphase and telophase, micronucleus at inter-phase. Thus, it was concluded that with the increasing concentration of Parthenium plant extract in both the durations the total percent of abnormal cells was increased followed by decrease in Mitotic index which shows that Parthenium plant extract have potential to cause cytotoxicity as well as genotoxicity in A. cepa and a threat to other agronomic crops.

Keywords

Parthenium hysterophorus, Allium cepa, cyto-genotoxicity, chromosomal aberrations, inter-phase, laggards, bridges

Conclusion

The result of the cytological study suggests that Parthenium plant is capable of producing numerous structural and functional alterations in mitotic cells and hence, confirm the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of Parthenium extract. And also suggests that recovery of the cells to the normal state is not possible ever after 48-hour treatment. The present results thus, indicate that prolonged exposure to Parthenium plants particularly with its leaves and inflorescence leads to cyto-statics. It could be concluded that Parthenium plants are capable of inducing various chromosomal aberrations, inhibition of mitosis which ultimately affects the genetic architecture as well as physiological set up of a cell and consequently leads to the death of the plant.

References

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How to cite this article

Akanksha Singh, Shalani Gupta, Rakesh Singh Sengar and Sachin Chauhan (2023). Cyto-genotoxicity of Parthenium hysterophorus Plant Extract on Allium cepa Plant Assay. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(3): 233-241.