Phytochemical Screening and Biological activities of Eleusine indica leaf extract

Author: B. Jone Magadelin, S. Ajith Sinthuja and S. Jameer Ahamed

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Abstract

The presence of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants is useful for healing as well as for curing human diseases. Most of the synthetic drugs being marketed have more vulnerable side effects, which in turn creates some biological and environmental collisions when discarding the expired pharmaceutical synthetic products. Nowadays, traditional approaches are emerging for the treatment of several diseases and disorders using medicinal plant extracts. The current study was anticipated to appraise the secondary metabolites and their capabilities by means of crude ethanolic leaf extracts of Eleusine indica. For phytochemical screening, customary procedures were used, considering Mayer’s test, the shinoda test, the salkowski test, the Keller-Killiani test, and the foam test, which were worn to determine total alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, and saponins. Radical scavenging DPPH and the nitric oxide scavenging assay were used to appraise anti-oxidant activity. Antimicrobial activity was determined using a standard disc diffusion assay, while cytotoxicity was determined using MCF-7 cell lines. FT-IR spectroscopy was employed to collect spectral details. Alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, and saponins were inspected positively in the preliminary phytochemical screening. TFC, TAC, and TSC's in leaf extracts obtained were 26.4 mg/ml, 20.58 mg/ml, 36.0 mg/ml, and 283.8 mg/ml, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the ethanolic extract of Eleusine indica showed 82.25% (100 μg/ml). The crude extract's maximum in-vitro nitric oxide scavenging activity was 40.54% at 100 g concentration. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the maximum zone of inhibition was found to be 16 mm, and maximum cytotoxicity with an IC50 value of 85.09% by Eleusine indica were the best calculated values. This work rationalizes the use of secondary metabolites and their plausible action against microbes for the unfolding of new drugs. In the future, distinctive in vivo and in vitro consanguineous studies can be accomplished in addition to examining its western medical applications.

Keywords

Phytochemical profiling, Eleusine indica, Anti-oxidant, Anti-bacterial, Cytotoxicity, FT-IR, Molecular docking

Conclusion

Medicinal plants are considered as important source of promising bioactive compounds. The quantitative analysis of the leaves of Eleusine indica shows the highest steroid content. Phytochemical qualitative analysis was analysed to exhibit the existence of number of secondary metabolites in per capita sample. The preliminary data of the bouncing compounds present in the leaves of Eleusine indica was accountable for in-vitro norcotic activity. FT-IR Spectra validated the existence of functional groups that exist in secondary metabolites. In the present study, the leaves of Eleusine indica contain distinctive secondary metabolites which have anti-oxidative and consanguineous potential. The cytotoxic activity for maxima indicated the polar nature of bouncing components existed in the leaf extract. Overall, the crude extracts, though belong to varied families, they are prospective contender in the province of drug enlargement. Thus, in-vitro studies signified that folkaric medicine can be as efficacious as contemporary medicine to battle pathogenic microorganisms. From the current study, manifestation of the efficacy of the plant leaves obtained from conventional healers gave a clear cut-out. These results from the existing study can lay out the outline for refined justification of biologically active components and open on to extra secondary metabolites exploration.

References

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How to cite this article

B. Jone Magadelin, S. Ajith Sinthuja and S. Jameer Ahamed (2023). Phytochemical Screening and Biological activities of Eleusine indica leaf extract. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(3): 444-449.