Eco-friendly preparations of Heterocycles using Green catalysts and their Bio-evaluation: A Review

Author: Pooja, Sushil Ahlawat, Ashu and Sakshi Goyal

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Abstract

The heterocyclic nucleus is an excellent precursor for the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, especially those containing N-or O-moieties. It is vital to develop methods to prepare heterocycles to synthesize organic compounds, especially the heterocycles found in natural products. Additionally, heterocycles are key starting materials for many drug discovery processes, making them essential for the development of new medicines. Since these nuclei have been proven to be highly useful in a variety of fields, including material science, analytical chemistry, and medicinal chemistry, synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles like coumarins, dihydropyrimidinones, and imidazoles has been both attractive and challenging for chemists. The synthesis of heterocycles through conventional methods often involves multiple steps and harsh reaction conditions, such as high temperatures, strong acids or bases, or the use of toxic reagents. These conditions can limit the substrate scope and reaction compatibility, making the process less versatile and environmentally friendly. As a result of the development of new environmentally friendly procedures for organic synthesis to achieve the goals of green chemistry, organic synthesis has become increasingly popular. The purpose of green chemistry is to use biocatalysts and environmental-friendly solvents in mild conditions. In this review, we summarized the green synthetic methods and biological activities of heterocycles containing nitrogen and oxygen. These methods have shown great potential for the synthesis of bioactive compounds, and the use of biocatalysts has proven to be an effective strategy for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. Overall, green chemistry offers a sustainable approach to the synthesis of organic compounds.

Keywords

Heterocycles, Coumarins, Dihydropyrimidinones, Imidazoles and Green chemistry

Conclusion

This review emphasizes the importance of green synthetic methods for the production of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles, which are biologically active and potentially useful. In addition to offering clean reaction profiles and reducing waste, these methods are cost-effective, efficient, and have low side reactions. This review suggests some future directions for the development of more potent and specific analogs of nitrogen- and oxygen-containing compounds for the biological target. Moreover, the information illustrated in this review should also contribute to the design of new molecules that can be used to identify many more biologically active heterocycles for the benefit of humanity in the future. These new molecules may provide a range of potential therapeutic compounds that could improve the treatment of diseases in the future.

References

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How to cite this article

Pooja, Sushil Ahlawat, Ashu and Sakshi Goyal (2023). Eco-friendly preparations of Heterocycles using Green catalysts and their Bio-evaluation: A Review. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(1): 663-673.