Influence of Physico-chemical Parameters on Mycoflora of Fish Pond in Bhadra Reservoir Project at Shivamogga district, Karnataka, India

Author: Prapthi U.B., Sowmya, H.V., Dhananjaya, S.G., Akarsh S., Vijaya Kumara and Thippeswamy Basaiah

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Abstract

Physico-chemical parameters play a key role in determining the diversity and occurrence of fungal species in a freshwater ecosystem. The present work aimed to study the influence of some Physico-chemical parameters on fungal distribution, seasonally from freshwater carp ponds in the Bhadra reservoir project fish pond, Shivamogga, Karnataka, which is one of the main fish seed production farms. A study of eleven different parameters was carried out in three different seasons. The water temperature (18.75±1.57 to 28.45±3.29oC), atmospheric air temperature (20.60±0.36 to 31.83±0.58oC), pH (7.23±0.37 to 8.09±0.33), watercolor (light green-light brown), total dissolved solids (182.67±2.08 to 291.00±1.00 mg/L), dissolved oxygen (4.45±0.44 to 8.74±0.23 mg/L), biochemical oxygen demand (1.62±0.01 to 3.22±0.03 mg/L), carbon dioxide (1.07±0.06 to 8.60±0.35 mg/L), chloride (15.57±0.09 to 30.27±0.23 mg/L), alkalinity (0.67±1.15 to 46.33±0.58 mg/L), hardness (47.07±0.12 to193.00±1.73 mg/L), nitrate (40.00±0.00 to 51.00±1.00 mg/L) and ammonia (0.15±0.09 to 0.30±0.00 mg/L). The result showed that the maximum growth of fungal species in all fishes in the winter season may be due to low temperatures, neutral pH, high nutrient status (high nitrate), and large amounts of oxidizable organic matter (high total dissolved solids). Growth in rainy seasons may be due to the availability of high rainfall and surface run-off along with the nutrients and whereas a decrease in fungal species during summer may be due to high water temperatures and low nutrient status. The main challenge laid in identifying the main physico-chemical parameter which is confined to the aquatic ecosystems as the maximum level may become toxic to fishes and change their enzyme activities, oxidative stress response, and respiratory activities. Analytical measurement of water improves the production and survivability of fish.

Keywords

Indian major carps, Bhadra reservoir project, Physico-chemical parameters, spawns

Conclusion

The present study described the seasonal variations of Physico-chemical parameters and their influences on the growth of fungal species. The obtained Physico-chemical parameter was correlated with the limit of the World Health Organisation (WHO) standard. By the result of analytical research, it can be concluded that manuring the pond, continuous supply of nutrients, and the normal level of rain (floods) often create abrupt changes in water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, and ammonia causing infectious disease (saprolegniasis) in fishes ultimately leading to an economic loss of carp production. The periodical measurement of physico-chemical parameters of water helps in correcting the abnormalities in each fish pond by training the farmers and aquaculture extension workers to adopt new techniques to respond effectively to reduce the risk of flood. So that ponds can be used to increase the production and survivability of fish.

References

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How to cite this article

Prapthi U.B., Sowmya, H.V., Dhananjaya, S.G., Akarsh S., Vijaya Kumara and Thippeswamy Basaiah (2023). Influence of Physico-chemical Parameters on Mycoflora of Fish Pond in Bhadra Reservoir Project at Shivamogga district, Karnataka, India. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(6): 399-407.