Spathulenol and Farnesol as Potential Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpenoid Molecules from leaves of Acronychia pedunculata

Author: J. Achyutha Devi

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Abstract

It is well known that various NSAID drugs reduces pain and inflammation through blockage of metabolism of arachidonic acid through lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase, thereby reducing the production of prostaglandin and help in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. However, there are many side effects associated upon chronic administration of these NSAIDS. Therefore, medicinal plants provide an alternative to these as bioactive compounds present in them have excellent anti-inflammatory potential with minimal side effects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of sesquiterpenes namely spathulenol and farnesol from leaves of Acronychia pedunculata. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of essential oil and isolated sesquiterpenes was evaluated by hemolysis inhibition, proteinase inhibition, protein denaturation inhibition, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibition. Both spathulenol and farnesol exhibited hemolysis inhibition of 17.11–29.92%, inhibition of protein denaturation of 46.2–71.4%, proteinase inhibition of 32.6–43.9%, cyclooxygenase inhibition of 29.6-43.4% and lipoxygenase inhibition of 26.3–41.2%. Lineweaver-Burk plots were established with the obtained data for the determination of Vmax and Km for lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase enzymes and also to unravel the mechanism of inhibition. The kinetic parameters studies showed that both the sesquiterpene molecules lowered the Vmax and Km at all the tested concentrations. The results reveal that the isolated sesquiterpenes possess excellent anti-inflammatory activity and further metabolic profiling is needed for production of potential lead compounds for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

Keywords

Acronychia pedunculata, sesquiterpenes, anti-inflammatory activity, LOX, COX-1 and COX-2 inhibition

Conclusion

The results obtained indicates the anti-inflammatory potential of sesquiterpenes, spathulenol and farnesol by membrane stabilization and enxyme inhibition. This might be useful in the development of dual LOX/COX inhibitors with a higher safety profile as eco-friendly anti-inflammatory agents. Further work is underway to unravel the biochemical mechanism of action of these molecules where the data obtained might provide a promising approach against development of anti-inflammatory conditions and be considered for further validation to ensure the therapeutic efficacy and action.

References

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How to cite this article

J. Achyutha Devi (2023). Spathulenol and Farnesol as Potential Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpenoid Molecules from leaves of Acronychia pedunculata. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(6): 480-490.