Primary Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of Jaw-A Case Report of 7 Year Old Child

Author: Shiyamala R., Pavithra S., Christeffi Mabel R., Merlin and Alagappan

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Abstract

Tuberculosis is a chronic granulatomous disease caused by bacilli Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is life-threatening disease in developing countries like India. Worldwide TB is the 13th leading cause of death and the second leading infectious killer after covid-19. In 2022, an estimated of 10 million people fell ill with Tuberculous (TB) worldwide. In 2020, 30 high TB burden countries accounted for 86% of new TB cases. Eight countries account for two-thirds of the total, with India leading the count, followed by China, Indonesia, Philippines, Pakistan, Nigeria, Bangladesh and South Africa. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) remains a public health crisis and a health security threat. Only about one in three people with drug-resistant TB accessed treatment in 2020. Globally TB incidence is falling at about 2% per year and between 2015 and 2020 the cumulative reduction was 11%. This was over halfway to the end TB Strategy milestone of 20% reduction between 2015 and 2020. Oral TB is a rare phenomenon with an incidence of 1.4% and is seen in 5% of total TB cases. About less than 2% of oral TB present as osteomyelitis of mandible. Subclinical TB is a disease that occurs due to viable M. tuberculosis bacteria that do not cause clinical TB-related symptoms but causes other abnormalities that can be detected using existing radiologic or microbiologic assays and hence the diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB remains demanding, World TB day is on March 24 to honor Dr. Robert Koch discovery of M. tuberculosis. This case report explains the most common yet rare clinical presentation of Tuberculosis.

Keywords

Primary Tuberculosis, Juvenile Tuberculosis, Osteolytic lesion of mandible, Tuberculous Osteomyelitis, Extra Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Conclusion

Tuberculosis, though the most common infectious disease among the developing low socio economic status population, its varying presentation is quite challenging for the physician to identify and treat at the earliest possible. Hence, regular updates and adequate knowledge on its presentation and the development of advanced technologies to diagnose this disease is essential for all the physicians. Diagnosis of extra pulmonary tuber was hampered due to the absence of a history of TB exposure in the majority of cases, and to a lower sensitivity of TST.

References

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How to cite this article

Shiyamala R., Pavithra S., Christeffi Mabel R., Merlin and Alagappan (2023). Primary Tuberculous Osteomyelitis of Jaw-A Case Report of 7 Year Old Child. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(6): 540-544.