Gene expression analysis and pharmacologic simulation of HbF expression an approach for the treatment of beta thalassemia

Author: Soumya Khare, Tanushree Chatterjee and Ashish Patel

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Abstract

Beta thalassemia is a globin gene synthesis condition in which the beta globin chain is not produced in red blood cells. With the development of biotechnologies, more research will be conducted to examine and improve novel therapies and natural cures to restart fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production for β-thalassemia patients. It is anticipated that more HbF inducing substances will eventually be discovered in traditional medicines and natural therapies around the world. Further research is necessary in this regard to explore further natural herbal remedies and to examine the effectiveness and safety of transitioning from laboratory to clinical use for those with β-hemoglobinopathies. The development of a new class of therapeutic agent consisting of some bioactive compounds such as flavanone for the treatment of beta thalassemia and the search for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that could prevent the regulated switch from fetal to adult globin gene expression. Flavones, for example, are a plant-derived chemical that has been shown to inhibit the HDAC2 enzyme and increase acetylation, thereby restoring cell homeostasis via the p38 MAPK pathway. HDAC2 could be involved in a complicated gamma globin suppression mechanism. In beta thalassemia, inducing HbF expression in erythroid cells is an important and additional treatment method. Dietary flavones can regulate HDAC activity, which could be useful in developing epigenetic treatment to control cell gene expression. As a result, it can be utilized to reactivate gamma globin expression through pharmaceutical means.

Keywords

Fetal Hemoglobin, Beta thalassemia, Histone Deacetylase, Flavanone, MicroRNA

Conclusion

Patients with beta thalassemia frequently use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and a better understanding of healthcare education in this field is critical to minimizing any difficulties that may arise from the use of both conventional and CAM therapies. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies are used by thalassemia patients to improve their health and quality of life. This research reveals how small groups of thalassemia patients were treated. Patients were willing to try complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), but not at the expense of conventional care. Combining complementary and alternative medicine with orthodox medicine, on the other hand, could pose a significant public health danger. As a result, there is a clear need for greater research in this area. Epigenetic pathways play a significant role in fetal globin gene silencing, both alone and in combination with specific transcription factor silencers such BCL11A and KLF1. The first proof-of-concept experiments in patients with hemoglobinopathies focused on DNA methylation and histone acetylation, two important epigenetic indicators of globin gene transcriptional activity. Gaining a better understanding of the specificity of epigenetic fetal globin gene silencing processes should lead to more effective globin disease treatment by raising HbF levels, according to the researchers. Methylation status, which limits β-globin synthesis, gene polymorphisms, which boost γ-globin production, and β thalassemia coinheritance, which lessens β thalassemia severity, is the most studied β thalassemia genetic modifiers. More genetic modifiers may be researched in the future in order to fully appreciate the clinical heterogeneity of β thalassemia and to identify therapeutic strategies to effectively treat the sickness. The current work adds to our knowledge of the molecular basis of flavones pharmacological potential as naturally occurring chemicals that lack traditional HDACi. These plant secondary metabolites could be a strong weapon against a range of illnesses if epigenetic treatment is used.

References

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How to cite this article

Soumya Khare, Tanushree Chatterjee and Ashish Patel (2023). Gene expression analysis and pharmacologic simulation of HbF expression an approach for the treatment of beta thalassemia. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(6): 579-585.