Polyphenol Profile in different Maize varieties and their Antioxidant Potentials: Implications in Disease Resistance

Author: Venkataiah Bhootham, Mir Zahoor Gul, Vidya Chernapalli and Karuna Rupula

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Abstract

Maize is well known to contain a wide variety of secondary metabolites like polyphenols which play a main role in the protection of disease resistance. In recent times there are many varieties of maize that are available commercially in the markets. In the present study, the main objective was to analyze ten maize varieties for moisture content, total polyphenol content (TPC), their characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), evaluation of their antioxidant potentials, and their aflatoxin production in selected maize varieties. The TPC was estimated by Folin Ciocalteu’s reagent (FCR) method, and antioxidant potentials by DPPH assay (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). Maize varieties showed a percent moisture (%M) content of 1.79 ˗3.02%. The MZ-9 showed 3.02% whereas MZ-2 showed 1.79 %, and the total polyphenol content was found to be in the range of 33 ˗ 190 μg g-1 (catechol equivalent). The MZ-7 variety exhibited the highest total polyphenol content (190 ± 0.66 µg g-1) with lowest aflatoxin production (0.446 ± 0.16 µg g-1) whereas the MZ-2 exhibited the lowest (33±0.29µg g-1) and highest aflatoxin production (1.315 ± 0.10 µg g-1). The HPLC analysis of polyphenols in all maize varieties depicted cinnamic and trans ferulic acid as the most abundant polyphenols. The antioxidant assays showed that the MZ-5 variety had the highest activity (79.18%) and MZ-4 had the lowest (62.89%). The present studies reveal the polyphenol profile, antioxidant potentials, and the inherent percent moisture content in the ten different varieties of maize grains (kernels) collected from local regions which may influence their yield (produce) and their resistance to pathogens including toxigenic fungal species such as Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. The antioxidant properties of these dietary polyphenols go beyond oxidative stress and may play an important role in preventing degenerative diseases.

Keywords

Maize, Polyphenol profile, Antioxidant potential, HPLC, DPPH activity

Conclusion

Ten different varieties of maize grains (kernels) were collected from the local region and analyzed for their inherent moisture content, polyphenol profile, antioxidant potentials, and aflatoxin production in selected maize varieties which exhibited an increase in the amount of polyphenol-resisted production of aflatoxin.

References

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How to cite this article

Venkataiah Bhootham, Mir Zahoor Gul, Vidya Chernapalli and Karuna Rupula (2023). Polyphenol Profile in different Maize varieties and their antioxidant Potentials: implications in Disease Resistance. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(5a): 441-449.