Genetic Diversity of South Indian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes based on Yield and its Components

Author: Gokul M., N.B. John Kingsly, G. Ashwin Bernald, J. Lydia Pramitha and S. Praveena Katharine

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Abstract

Rice serves as the primary dietary component for over 50% of the global population. In order to accommodate the increasing needs of an expanding population, it is imperative to enhance yield levels. The generation of variability is significant in order to enhance yield and facilitate the development of breeding programmes. A total of sixty high yielding rice cultivars were subjected to a comprehensive investigation of genetic variability across eleven distinct traits. The plant height, number of productive tillers, grain breadth, and grain length showed high GCV, PCV, Heritability as well as GAM. The genetic diversity of 60 genotypes was evaluated using D2 statistics, followed by their categorization into eight clusters utilising R packages. Among the eight clusters under consideration, it was observed that Cluster I encompassed a total of 20 distinct genotypes, while Cluster III comprises 17 distinct genotypes. The observed clustering patterns of the Sornamasuri and karuppukavuni genotypes indicate a notable level of genetic diversity within the examined population. Among the eight clusters, it was observed that the Cluster VII and Cluster V exhibit the highest inter-cluster distance. Clusters VII and V exhibit a noteworthy degree of genetic diversity, as evidenced by the observed differences between these two clusters. Based on the observations derived from the diversity experiment, it has been ascertained that specific characteristics display notable variations across various genotypes. The aforementioned characteristics include 1000 grain weight, days to 50% flowering, the number of productive tillers and single plant yield.

Keywords

Rice, D2 statistics, heritability, variability, genetic diversity

Conclusion

From the present study, it was concluded that the Plant height, Number of productive tillers, Grain breadth, Grain length showed high GCV, PCV, heritability as well as GAM. Hence, these traits should be taken into consideration at the time of selecting the genotypes for enhancing the yield. The observed clustering patterns of the Sornamasuri and karuppukavuni genotypes indicate a notable level of genetic diversity within the examined population. Among the eight clusters, it is observed that Cluster VII and Cluster V exhibit the highest inter-cluster distance. Clusters VII and V exhibit a noteworthy degree of genetic diversity, as evidenced by the observed differences between these two clusters Based on the results obtained from the diversity studies, it has been noted that specific characteristics, namely 1000 grain weight, days to 50 % flowering, and the number of productive tillers, display noteworthy variations among the genotypes. The aforementioned characteristics have been discerned as pivotal factors that contribute significantly to the overall genetic variability that is observed.

References

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How to cite this article

Gokul M., N.B. John Kingsly, G. Ashwin Bernald, J. Lydia Pramitha and S. Praveena Katharine (2023). Genetic Diversity of South Indian Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes based on Yield and its Components. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(9): 346-351.