Studies on Heterosis and Evaluation of Powdery Mildew Resistant hybrids in Chili

Author: Umesh Babu B.S., B.V. Tembhurne, P.H. Kuchanur, Hasan Khan, D.S. Aswathanarayana and B. Kisan

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Abstract

A research was conducted at college of agriculture Raichur during Kharif and rabi 2019-22. To search for resistance source against powdery mildew disease and hestrosis for 40 crosses in chilli. Fourteen genotypes including ten lines and four testers of chilli were crossed to derive 40 F1 hybrids. The 40 crosses were screened against powdery mildew and evaluated for heterosis in yield and its contributing traits. The crosses JNA1 × Mattur Local, JNA1 × G4, JNA1 × GCV111, and JNA1 × Rajput Yellow, showed resistance against powdery mildew and the range of heterosis expressed by the hybrids over their respective mid parent varied from -23.89 (Sankeshwar × Rajput yellow) to 65.82 per cent (JNA1 × G4) with an overall mean of 5.75 per cent. Sixteen crosses recorded significant positive heterosis over mid parent. The range of heterosis expressed by the crosses over their respective better parent varied from -31.23 (B. dabbi × G4) to 59.70 (JNA1 × G4) with a mean of -3.27 per cent. Eight crosses recorded significant positive heterosis over better parent for the trait fruit yield per plant. Hybrid JNA1 × G4 (65.82) and JNA1 × GCV111 (32.70) showed highest positive significant heterosis over better parent for the trait fruit yield per plant. These results hold substantial promise, paving the way for the development of chili varieties that not only exhibit resistance to powdery mildew but also deliver enhanced yields. These advancements contribute significantly to the sustainability and resilience of chili farming systems, offering tangible benefits to chili growers and the broader agricultural industry.

Keywords

Chilli, Powdery mildew, Resistance and heterosis

Conclusion

In present investigation, we have explored the efficacy of disease management through host plant resistance as the most economical and practical choice across various crops. Employing resistant cultivars within farming systems emerges as a straightforward, highly effective, and cost-efficient method for disease control. Beyond its economic advantages, this approach also contributes to the conservation of natural resources and significantly reduces the expenditure of time and energy compared to alternative disease management methods. Within the scope of our study, we tested 40 chili crosses in field conditions, meticulously screening them for their resistance against powdery mildew. Among these crosses, four pairs, namely JNA1 × Mattur Local, JNA1 × G4, JNA1 × GCV111, and JNA1 × Rajput Yellow, demonstrated noteworthy resistance levels. These findings hold immense promise for future breeding programs aimed at developing robust, disease-resistant chili varieties. Moreover, considering both individual performance and heterosis, we identified two crosses of particular interest JNA1 × G4 and JNB1 × GCV111 showcasing superior traits related to yield along with highly resistance to powdery mildew disease in chilli. These two selected crosses hold the potential to drive forward chili breeding programs for enhanced productivity. The study underscores the pivotal role of host plant resistance in disease management, highlighting its potential to revolutionize chili breeding programs. These results pave the way for the development of chili varieties that not only exhibit resistance to powdery mildew but also offer improved yields, thereby contributing to the sustainability and resilience of chili farming systems.

References

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How to cite this article

Umesh Babu B.S., B.V. Tembhurne, P.H. Kuchanur, Hasan Khan, D.S. Aswathanarayana and B. Kisan (2023). Studies on Heterosis and Evaluation of Powdery Mildew Resistant hybrids in Chili. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(9): 492-500.