Genetic variability and Trait associated in Maize in Eastern U.P. conditions of Northern India

Author: Bhattu Shakya Raj, Shailesh Marker, G. Roopa Lavanya, G. Sharath Chandra and Aditya Mohan Maharishi

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Abstract

The population of the country is increasing at an immense rate, and agricultural land is being the limiting factor, thus increase in productivity of maize is a key important but nowadays the nutrient and the yield of the crop is low due to abiotic and abiotic stress. This is the main reason for low yield in the maize in eastern U.P. region. therefore, to refill the research gap the experiment was conducted on genetic variability parameters, correlation, and path analysis in fifteen maize genotypes for twenty quantitative traits and yield characters in Rabi 2021-2022. The Experiment was conducted in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated thrice. The Analysis of variance for all twenty quantitative characters revealed that treatment differences were highly significant under study at 1% level of significance with exception of days to 50% tasseling. Genotypes MZ1908, MZ1914 and NBPGR 36548 depicted highest grain yield. The values of PCV were higher than GCV, moreover, values for all the characters and large difference between the values of PCV and GCV are number of leaves per plant, leaf width, cob length, cob diameter, number of kernel rows per cob, dry weight, fresh weight, and biological yield therefore, these indicated that the environmental factors significantly influenced the expression of these traits. All the traits studied had more heritability, genetic advance at 5% selection intensity and genetic advance as percent of mean and high expected heritability was found in number of cobs per plant where as the higher genetic advance was found in weight of cob. Correlation studies have shown that selection based on weight of cob, biological yield and 100 seed weight has a positive correlation and direct effects with grain yield per plant at phenotypic level. Biological yield (g),weight of cob (g), Seed index (100 seed weight (g)), number of kernels per row and leaf width. Therefore, effective selection can be attempted for these traits which would help in improvement of grain yield in maize genotypes suitable for rabi season.

Keywords

PCV, GCV, Heritability, Genetic advance, Correlation studies

Conclusion

Analysis of variance was conducted for l twenty quantitative characters and it was found that treatment differences were highly significant at 1% level of significance except for days to 50% tasseling. The remaining characters showed significance at a 5% level. The values of PCV were higher than GCV values for all the characters and there was a large difference between the values of PCV and GCV particularly in the number of leaves this indicates that environmental factors significantly influenced the expression of these traits. All the studied traits had higher heritability and genetic advance at a 5% selection intensity. The genetic advance as a percent of mean was also high, and highest was expected heritability was found in the number of cobs per plant. The higher genetic advance was found in weight of cob. Correlation studies suggest that selection based on the weight of cob and 100 seed weight had a positive correlation and direct effects with grain yield per plant at the phenotypic level. Biological yield (g), weight of the cob (g), Seed index (100 seed weight (g) ), number of kernels per row and leaf width had the highest positive and significant correlation at genotypic level. Based on these findings it is concluded that effective selection should be attempted for these traits in order to improve grain yield in maize genotypes suitable for the eastern U.P condition in northern India. The genotypes MZ1908, MZ1914 and NBPGR36548 exhibited highest grain yield.

References

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How to cite this article

Bhattu Shakya Raj, Shailesh Marker, G. Roopa Lavanya, G. Sharath Chandra and Aditya Mohan Maharishi (2023). Genetic variability and Trait associated in Maize in Eastern U.P conditions of Northern India. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(9): 720-726.