Characterization, Applications, and Industrial Potential of Bacterial Laccases: A Comprehensive Study

Author: Maninder Singh, Reena Singh and Chirag Chopra

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Abstract

Laccases, a type of copper oxidase belongs to the family of 1,4-benzenediol. Laccase, a glycoprotein, is found ubiquitously in various organisms ranging from fungi to larger plants. Over the last several decades, there has been an amazing increase in the application and consumption of bacterial laccases across a variety of sectors. Bacterial laccases offer several distinct advantages over fungal laccases from an industrial perspective. They have a variety of temperatures and pH tolerance ranges while staying extremely stable even in the presence of many hazardous chemicals. Laccases' cellular position in bacteria varies by species; most naturally produced laccases in bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis as well as Sinorhizobium meliloti, occur intracellularly, whereas a few, such as laccases from certain bacilli and actinomycetes, exist extracellularly. Laccase has evolved into an important commercially essential enzyme with a wide range of applications, including lignocellulosic material delignification, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, waste detoxification, and textile dye decolorization. Bacterial laccases present several challenges, including the diversity of laccases, lack of standardization in characterization methods, difficulties in strain identification and isolation, optimization of production, and protein engineering. Scaling up for industrial applications, substrate specificity, stability, and regulatory considerations are also hurdles. The current study gives an in-depth look at laccase-producing bacteria, encompassing detailed information on enzyme properties, gene characterization, cloning techniques, and industrial applications.

Keywords

Flowering traits variation, heritability, genetic advance, multivariate cluster analysis

Conclusion

Finally, the current study includes thorough information on the occurrence, molecular cloning, structural features of various bacterial laccases, as well as uses with laccase industrial production. Laccase enhancement strategies include genetic modification and cloning in appropriate heterologous hosts for enzyme excessive production. Laccase enzyme may function on a number of substrates, purify a range of pollutants, and oxidize dangerous substances, making it useful in the paper production, Fiber production, pulp as well as in textile industries, among others. Usage of cheap resources for laccase manufacture has recently been examined. A novel concept in the manufacturing sector wastewater handling in this context is harnessing its nutritive ability to manufacture laccase. Aside from solid trash, drainage from the agriculture and food processing sector is of especially significant importance. Second, laccase is essential for the breakdown of wide range of pollutants and phenols. Major problem with this enzyme is due to its limited specificity for substrates and can potentially catalyse a wide variety of reactions. As a result, more research regarding this topic is extremely important. In addition, despite several attempts to find out the function of laccases in lignocellulose transformation, the subject is still undetermined concerning the role of laccases in lignin decomposition in plant biomass, it can be utilized as an enzymatic treatment method for cellulosic production of ethanol. In the future, researchers should pay greater attention to these issues. As a result, it will not be surprising that such an enzyme is being thoroughly explored and is going to continue to do so in the future.

References

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How to cite this article

Maninder Singh, Reena Singh and Chirag Chopra (2023). Characterization, Applications, and Industrial Potential of Bacterial Laccases: A Comprehensive Study. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 15(9): 1046-1051.