A Study on Analysing Gram Negative Multidrug-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from the River Kshripa, Ujjain (MP), India

Author: Hinore J.S., Dass P. and Ishaque S.

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Abstract

The main aim of the study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance among gram negative enteric bacteria that were isolated from different ghats of the river Khripra. For the investigation of gram negative enteric bacteria, a total of 8 sampling sites were selected, and a total of 6 gram negative bacteria were isolated. The members are E.coli, Salmonella, Enterobacter, Kliebsella and Citrobacter Along with this, Pseudomonas were also isolated, and the resistance mechanism was analysed by the antibiotic susceptibility test, also known as the disc diffusion method and the Kirby-bauer method. For the detection of multidrug resistance among the Enterobacteriaceae, the following types of beta-lactam antibiotics were used: aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefpodoxime, chloramphenicol, amikacin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin. Finally, after performing the disc diffusion test, we isolated a total of 21 strains of gram negative bacteria, out of which 8 strains were sensitive against these antibiotics, while 13 gram negative bacterial strains showed the mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Besides, the MAR index of all the isolates was calculated, which shows that the strains of gram negative bacteria in samples 1, 2, and 3 were sensitive except Enterobacter, which was present in sample no. 3. On analysis, we also detected the resistant strains that were present in samples 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. After calculating the MAR index, it was found that the isolated strains from samples 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 Together with one isolate from Sample No. 3, a MAR Index greater than 0.2 indicates a high risk source of contamination where antibiotics are commonly used.

Keywords

Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, Antibiotics, Antibiotic Resistance (AR), Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG), Kshripra River, MAR Index.

Conclusion

Enterobacteriaceae, which shows the resistance mechanisms against different types of test antibiotics. According to the obtained data with respect to multidrug-resistant bacteria, which shows the resistance mechanism against different test antibiotics, it can be concluded that the Kshripra River is facing a water quality change problem and there is a threat of antibiotic resistance occurrence among Enterobacteriaceae members of this aquatic water ecosystem. So some necessary measures must be taken by higher authorities to prevent unprocessed wastewater discharge to this river and to execute different types of biological filtration processes for the degradation of antibiotics before their discharge into the river water. In this way, we can prevent the spreading of multidrug-resistant bacteria and save mankind against the occurrence of different types of water-borne diseases that occur with multidrug-resistant bacteria

References

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How to cite this article

Hinore J.S., Dass P. and Ishaque S. (2024). A Study on Analysing Gram Negative Multidrug-Resistant Enteric Bacteria from the River Kshripa, Ujjain (MP), India. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(2): 32-41.