Identification of Different Stress Responsive Genes induced in Crops for Climate Changes: A Review

Author: Rajendra Prasad Meena, Deen Dayal Bairwa, Vikas Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar, Satyesh Raj Anand, Harkesh Kumar Balai,Vijay Daneva and Ashish Kumar Sharma

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Abstract

Numerous environmental stresses affect plants, lowering and restricting the productivity of crops used in agriculture. Plants are subject to two ecological stresses: biotic and abiotic stress. Major crop plants are lost due to abiotic stress, which includes radiation, salinity, floods, droughts, temperature extremes and heavy metals. Biotic stress can result in attacks by various pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes and herbivores. Due to their sessile nature, plants cannot avoid these environmental cues. Plants have evolved various defense mechanisms to deal with these dangers from biotic and abiotic stresses. Ecological stresses have a disastrous effect on the growth and yield of plants in the field. Recent research has shown that plants' responses to combinations of two or more stress conditions are unique and cannot be directly extrapolated from the responses of plants to each of the different stresses applied individually. The field environment differs significantly from the controlled conditions used in laboratory studies and frequently involves the simultaneous exposure of plants to multiple abiotic and biotic stresses conditions

Keywords

Environmental stresses, temperature, fungi, drought, radiation, bacteria, nematodes and salinity

Conclusion

One of the principal abiotic stresses that have a negative impact on agricultural productivity is drought. Significant changes in the global climate in recent years have increased the frequency and severity of droughts. Drought is one of the leading natural causes of severe food shortages in developing nations and is a significant contributing factor to famine and malnutrition. It impacts food security's availability, stability, accessibility and utilization the four pillars. When plants are exposed to environments that restrict water during different developmental stages, various physiological and developmental changes are triggered. There is little understanding of the fundamental biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying drought stress, transduction, and tolerance. Moreover, genetic engineering is a precious tool for understanding the of drought tolerance mechanism. Because, it can manipulate genes, transcription factors, signaling proteins and genetic regulatory networks that shield plant cells from water deficits. Furthermore, by expanding our understanding of the mechanisms underlying drought, plant breeders have made significant strides towards creating drought-tolerant lines or cultivars for a few key crops. Nevertheless, conventional breeding method is highly labor, time and money-intensive. Because marker-assisted breeding can quickly determine the value of thousands of a crop's genomic regions under stress, it is a more efficient breeding method. By using a technique known as transformation, certain crops with innate mechanisms for surviving droughts can be used as a source of genes for drought tolerance, which can then be used to develop desirable crops

References

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How to cite this article

Rajendra Prasad Meena, Deen Dayal Bairwa, Vikas Sharma, Sanjiv Kumar, Satyesh Raj Anand, Harkesh Kumar Balai,Vijay Daneva and Ashish Kumar Sharma (2024). Identification of Different Stress Responsive Genes Induced in Crops for Climate Changes: A Review. Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(5): 06-17.