Morphological characterization, Genetic Variability and Trait Association of Basmati, Red and White Rice Lines under North Hill Zone of India

Author: Varadharajan Nareshkumar, Kajal Bhardwaj, Vakul Sood, Charu, Kundan Bedwa and Neelam Bhardwaj

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Abstract

During the Kharif 2023, an experiment involving 14 rice lines, including 8 red rice landraces, a Basmati genotype and 5 white rice lines, was conducted to investigate the genetic variability, correlation, path coefficient analysis and principal component analysis for yield and its contributing traits. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all studied genotypes. Phenotypic coefficient of variation exceeded genotypic coefficient of variation for all traits. Traits such as plant height, flag leaf area, total tillers, effective tillers, spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility, harvest index, and grain length to breadth ratio exhibited high heritability coupled with high genetic advance. Correlation studies indicated significant positive correlations between grain yield and total tillers, effective tillers, grain length, biological yield per plant, and panicle length. Path analysis revealed that effective tillers per plant, number of grains per panicle, biological yield per plant, days to 75% maturity, and grain length to breadth ratio exerted high direct effects on yield. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the first four principal components accounted for 84.33% of the total variability across seventeen traits. PC1 contributed the most to variability (39.06%), followed by PC2 (22.15%), PC3 (14.84%), and PC4 (8.28%). The observed variation in genotypes based on variability parameters, principal component analysis, correlation, and path analysis offers valuable insights for researchers in devising breeding programs for rice crop improvement.

Keywords

Red rice, Genetic variability, Principal component analysis, correlation and path analysis

Conclusion

In summary, the findings demonstrated substantial genotypic and phenotypic variability, along with high heritability and genetic advance as a percentage of the mean. Additionally, notable positive associations and significant direct effects were observed for grains per panicle, protein content, and zinc content, underscoring their significance as valuable selection criteria for enhancing grain yield per plant in the development of high-yielding coloured rice varieties with enhanced nutritional attributes. Hybridization of these diverse genotypes is recommended to yield favourable coloured transgressive segregants, facilitating the development of coloured rice cultivars with elevated yield potential, as well as improved grain characteristics, and nutritional composition

References

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How to cite this article

Varadharajan Nareshkumar, Kajal Bhardwaj, Vakul Sood, Charu, Kundan Bedwa and Neelam Bhardwaj (2024). Morphological characterization, Genetic Variability and Trait Association of Basmati, Red and White Rice Lines under North Hill Zone of India . Biological Forum – An International Journal, 16(4): 226-233.